afxazsetisdarbazs

NnaTela fofxaZe

 

qarTi eris ‘afxazebad’ aRricxuli nawilis qarTuli TviTSegnebisa

                                  da

saqarTueloSi ssrk-is droidan SemorCenili mavne gadmonaSTebis aRmofxvris      

                               sakiTxi

 

gamoCenilma mecnierma, strasburgis universitetis erovnebaTmcodneobis kaTedris gamgem, profesorma frederik diubua de monperem mowiwebiT moixsenia `diadi qarTveli eri, romelic istoriis dasabamidan cxovrobs kavkasiis yelze _ Savi, azovis zRvebidan kaspiis zRvamde da mimdebare mxareebSi, gulmodgined darajobs mas. ise, rogorc xeze miSvebul vazs grigali Trgunavs da vazi droebiT miwaze gaerTxmeba, gamodarebis Semdeg ki welSi swordeba da Zvel iers ibrunebs, aseve qarTveli eri (nasion, nacia) ucxoelebis Semosevebis Semdeg welSi Zveleburad imarTeba da aravis aZlevs imis uflebas, rom qarTvelebi TavianTi samSoblodan amoZirkvos~ (f. diubua. `vuaiaJ otur de kavkaz~ anu mogzauroba kavkasiaSi. parizi. 1839 w. wigni 1. frangul enaze).

samwuxarod, kulturuli qarTi//aiasuanmargalilazi eri xmelTaSua zRvis sanapirodan Suaaziis nawilamde rom ZvelTaganve mosaxleobda da ramdenime saxeliT hqonda daarsebuli saxelmwifoebi, diaxac, rom zogan amoZirkves, zogan ki ZalmomreobiT gadaajiSes, gadaagvares Soridan Semoseulma sxvadasxva juris velurebma, daaqveiTes Cvenianebis kultura, yofa, moipares Cvenianebis istoria, kultura, miwa-wyali da amiT amayoben. Tu f. diubua qarTvelebs diad (veliki narod , grand nasion) ers gviwodebda, qarTveli meCeqmis da msaxuri qalis Raribi Svili ioseb juRaSvili misi samSoblos dampyrob rusebs uwodebda diad ers da es gansazRvreba ise myarad daumkvidra rusebs, rom aTwleulebis manZilze am gansazRvrebis gareSe rusebis xsenebas bevri ver bedavda. ruseTis imperatoris droSaze ruseTis saxelmwifos daarsebis TariRad 875 welia amoqarguli. imxanad ki saqarTvelos mravalaTaswlovani istoria, saxelmwifoebrioba, kultura gaaCnda. ruseTis mefeebi didxans uxdidnen xarks yirimis xanebs da qarTveli didebulis _ erekle//herakle//nikoloz daviTis Ze bagrationis Svilma petrem (petre pirvelma didma, ruseTis mefem ) Seuwyvita xanebs xarkis gadaxda. yirimis saxano SeebrZola monRolebs da gandevna, riTac ruseTmac isargebla da monRolebis uRlisgan TavisTavad, uomrad ganTavisuflda. Karga xanis Semdeg petre pirvelma Tavi imperatorad gamoacxada. samwuxarod, qarTveli bolSevikebi SemouZRvnen ruseTis mravalerovan jars saqarTveloSi da daamxes saqarTvelos respublika, rasac qarTveli eri maT arasodes ar miutevebs. antiqarTul teroristul jgufs ruseTis dedaqalaq moskovSi rusul enaze   Seadgines egreTwodebuli ‘afxazeTis respublikis’ konstitucia da saxelmwifo enad Caweres egreTwodebuli ‘afxazuri’ (gulisxmoben absuurs) ena da rusuli ena. 1995 wlis yovlad uvargisi, antiqarTuli- saqarTuelos axali konstituciiT afxazeTSi saxelmwifo ena ‘afxazuri da qarTulia’ . afxazuri ena ar arsebobs. am erTi magaliTiTac cxadia, rom simarTle aRsadgenia da uTavboloba  aRsakveTia. aTaswleulebis manZilze samefos saxiT saqarTuelos arsebobis xanaSi  saxelmwifo ena afxazeTSic da danarCen saqarTveloSic qarTuli iyo. mxolod qarTuli ena iyo saxelmwifo ena saqarTvelos demokratiul respublikaSic 1921 wlamde _ ruseTidan bolSevikebis jaris Semosevamde. Dnoe Jordanias mTavrobis danaSaulia azerbaijanis respublikisa  da armeniis respublikis ZirZvel mravalaTswlovan qarTul miwaze daarsebaze Tanxmoba. erTaligis ltolvilTa komisiis xelmZRvanelma, ganaTlebiT zRvis cxovelebis mkvlevarma norvegielma fridtiof nansenma Zala daatana Jordanias. Cavsva teqsti. dRes qarTveli afxazebis adamianis ufleba mSobliuri qarTuli enis gamoyenebis sakiTxSi fexqveS gaTelilia. Mputinis mier cxumSi daniSnuli teroristebi maT ukrZalaven qarTulad laparaksac, swavlasac. aucileblad migvaCnia gaeros, euTos mier saqarTvelos respublikad aRiarebul nawilSi _ afxazeTSi-- sxva xalxis _ absua erovnuli jrufis ( romlis gansazRvra da gamorCeva sxva araqarTveli xiznebisagan aravis ar SeeZlo winaT da arc dRes aravis ar SeuZlia) mSobliuri enisaTvis afxazeTSi saxelmwifo enis statusis CamorTmeva Semdeg garemoebaTa gamo: saqarTvelos istorikosebis danaSaulia is, rom ssrk-is mosaxleobis zogierT aRweraSi qarTvelebs aRricxavdnen xolme mavneblurad da mcdarad: qarTvelebi, aWarlebi, svanebi, lazebi, megrelebi, afxazebi, TuSebi, imerlebi. amiT aWarlebi, svanebi, lazebi, megrelebi afxazebi da sxva qarTvelebi iTiSebodnen saerTo qarTveluri sxeulidan. 1926 wlis ssrk-s mosaxleobis aRweris dros saqarTvelos statistikuri sammarTvelos koleqtivma daiwuna ssrk mecnierebaTa akademiis mier SemuSavebuli sqema da saqarTvelos xelisuflebas sTxova, rom lazebi, svanebi, megrelebi, aWarlebi aRericxaT calk-calke, rac ukve gakeTda, magram bolos SeejamebinaT da CaerToT ujredSi `qarTvelebi~: maT Soris aWarlebi, svanebi, megrelebi, lazebi. saqarTvelos xelisuflebam am TxovniT mimarTa ssrk-s xelisuflebas da Tanxmoba miiRo. oficialurad gamoqveynda masala saqarTvelos Txovnis Sesabamisad. samwuxarod, qarTvelebis miRma, gareT--gariyulad aRricxes afxazebad Cawerili qarTvelebi, romlebic dRemde afxazebad saerTod aRricxuli adamianebis---40 000-mde sulis 85%-s Seadgenen. afxazebad aRricxuli pirebidan araqarTvelebi xuTi aTasic ki ar iqneboda 1993 wlis omamde, xolo dRes am xuTi aTasidan naxevaric ki ar iqneba cocxali. afxazi qarTvelis kuTxuri, Sinauruli saxelia, rogorc raWveli, guruli; afxazebis dedaena qarTulia.

dRes saqarTvelos xelisufleba afxazebs araqarTvel absuebad ganixilavs, rac dasagmobia, radgan sinamdvilis usulgulo gayalbebas efuZneba da mravali cnobis damaxinjebas emyareba.MmagaliTad: 1. Pirveli da mTavaria romis imperiis didmoxelis, pliniusis (I s) cnoba absuaTa uralSi—da ara  dRes afxazeTad wodebul mxareSi cxovrebaze I s-Si; 2. meorea qarTul wyaroSi _ `Tamar mefis cxovreba-istoriani da azmani SaravandedTani~ _ daculi cnoba misi vaJis, giorgisaTvis, metsaxelad `laSas~ wodebis Sesaxeb, viTomda `afxazTa~ enaze.

istorikosebma ( didi mkvlevaris—pavle ingoroyvas garda) orive es cnoba gaayalbes, qarTvelebs xizani absuebi da absuebad aRricxuli qarTvelebi daupirispires da msoflio moatyues, rac samarcxvinod aisaxa gaerTianebuli erebis organizaciis mier saqarTvelos nawilis _ afxazeTis sakiTxze miRebul yvela dadgenilebasa da gancxadebaSi da isini uTavbolobis (uazrobis) nimuSebad aqcia, riTac gaeros saxeli gautyda. ssrk-s xanaSi qarTvelebs TiSavdnen svanebad, megrelebad, aWarlebad da sxva, xolo rusebs siamovnebiT umatebdnen nair-nairi erovnebis milionobiT adamians. 1959 wlis ssrk-s aRweris mixedviT, aTma milionma ararusma mSobliur enad rusuli ena aRiara. saqarTveloSi aTiaTasobiT aseTi rusul enaze metyveli adamiani Semosaxlda ssrk-s arsebobis dros da swored isini eomebian qarTvelebs saqarTvelos (maT Soris, afxazeTisac) ruseTisaTvis misaerTeblad. faqtia, rom es didi masa arc saqarTvelos eklesias ar emorCileba da umarTav jgufs warmoadgens, maT amoxoces an garekes afxazeTis xelisufleba.Aam umarTavi ucxotomelTa masis saqarTvelodan mSvidobianad, kanonis Tanaxmad gayvana aucilebelia; maT Soris arian TurqeTidan me-20 saukuneSi droebiT TavSefarebis pirobiT evropisorganizaciebisa da ‘erTa ligis’ saqarTvelos mimarT iZulebiT Semoxiznuli araqarTvelebi, romelTa TurqeTis mTavrobis mier mowyobili genocidi aSS-m, argentinam, safrangeTma, evropis sabWom da sxvebma cnes.

 

saqarTvelos mecnierebaTa akademiis istoriis institutis mecnierTa samarcxvinod, aRvniSnavT, rom 1988 wels afxazeTis ruseTTan mierTebis survilis gamo Seqmnili daZabulobis mizezis gamosarkvevad, ,araorganuli qimiisa da eleqtroqimiis institutis patentTmcodnem, inglisuri enis specialistma, naTela borisis asulma fofxaZem, mraval sxva naSromTa Soris--waikiTxa mTavari sabuTi _ romaeli didmoxelis _ pliniusis mier I s-Si gamoqveynebuli msoflios aRwera da SeamCnia, rom leningradelma. Moskovelma, Tbiliselma, cxumelma, londonelma istorikosebma sazogadoeba moatyues _ pliniusma absua eTnosis samosaxlo dRevandel afxazeTSi (maSin mas egrisi erqva) ki ara, Sors _ uralis m\TebTan moixsenia. Iqac ZirZveli saqarTvelo yofila, rac axlaxan Sevityve pirveli saukunis periodSi mcxovrebi romis imperiis didmoxeleebis tacitusis, pomponius melas geografiuli aRwerebiT. garda amisa, pliniusma qarTvelebis  miwa-wyalis nawilad moixsenia mTeli CrdiloeT kavkasiac, sadac dRes ruseTia- da kaspiis zRvis Crdilo-dasavleTi da dasavleTi sanapiroc, sadac mxo;od 1918 wels Seiqmna, isic usamarTlod, politikuri erTeuli azerbaijanis saxelwodebiT, xolo azerbaijaneli eris cneba mxolod 1940ian wlebSi gamoigones moskovSi da SemdgomSi gaavrceles. pliniusis Tanamedrove meore didmoxelem, pomponius melamac dawera msoflios aRwera, sadac qarTvelebi ‘georgielebis’ saxeliT Crdilo-dasavleT kaspiispireTSi, sadac misma megobarma plinius ufrosma SemdgomSi ‘absua’ axsena werilobiT (sadac dRes ruseTis navTobsadeni gadis), mkvidr mosaxleobad moixsenia da iqauri miwawyali-saqarTuelod. vimeorebT, rom romis imperatoris davalebiT Sedgenil msoflios aRweraSi pliniusma qarTvelebiT dasaxlebul mkvidr miwa-wylad moixsenia mTeli aRmosavaleTi SavizRvispireTi, Crdilo-dasavleTi da dasavleTi kaspiispireTi (sadac dRes daRestani anu ‘mTianeTi’ da azerbaijania). arcerTi sxva eTnosi, romelic dRes aRniSnul mxareebSi cxovrobs, arc pliniuss, arc pomponius melas ar uxsenebia da qarTvelebs am mxareebSi pirveli, uadresi, ZirZveli mosaxleobis ufleba aqvT. vimeorebT, rom sabWoTa istorikosebma pliniusis cnoba Secvales da msoflio moatyues.

meore cnobac iseve daamaxinjes istorikosebma, rogorc pirveli. kerZod, Tamar mefis cxovrebis bevr xelnawerSi sinamdvileSi sityva `laSas~ ar axlavs ganmarteba, rom is e.w. ‘afxazTa enaze’ `ganmanaTlebels soflisas~ niSnavs. didma mecnierma, pavle ingoroyvam jer 1947 wels Jurnal “mnaTobSi”, 1954 wels ki Tavis wignSi--`giorgi merCule~-aRniSna, rom mxolod erT-- mogviano, me-18 saukunis Semdeg gadaweril Tamar mefis cxovrebis teqstSi weria, rom ‘laSa’ `ganmanaTleblad soflisa iTargmanebis afsarTa eniTa” (da ara _ afxazTa eniTa, rogorc mogvatyues sabWoTa istorikosebma). es `afsarTa eniTa~ weria ara mTavar teqstSi, rogorc sabWoTa mkvlevarebma icrues, aramed, calke _ gverdis aSiaze sxva xeliT gviandeli minaweris saxiT. es minaweri ki swored imas amtkicebs, rom me-18 saukuneSic ki ‘absarTa’ ena ewodeboda araqarTul enas da ara afxazuri, xolo is, Tu sad cxovrobdnen absarebi, qarTul wyaroebSi saerTod ar weria. msoflios romel kuTxeSi mosaxleobdnen absarebi, isic ki ucnobi iyo qarTveli avtorebisaTvis da niko marma, arnold Ciqobavam, Tamaz gamyreliZem, giorgi qsenofontovma—meliqiSvilma, zurab anCabaZem, ediSer xoStaria-Bbrosem, qeTevan lomTaTiZem, zurab papasqirma, giorgi ZiZariam, venor qvaCaxiam, dimitri guliam, givi rogavam da sxva qarTvelebma Tavi Seircxvines saqarTvelos winaaRmdeg mimarTuli cru varaudebiT da afxazeTSi jer dapirispireba, Semdeg ki omi gamoiwvies. istoriis gamyalbebeli v. arZinba Tamaz gamyreliZem, grigol giorgaZem da giorgi qsenofontovma Seqmnes, is maTi namowafaria, riTac  saqarTvelo gaaubedures da daamxes. arZinbas araferi iseTi ar gamouqveynebia, rac manamde mis am qarTvel maswavleblebs ar dauweriaT. Uucnauria, rom v. arZinbas akritikeben, xolo g. qsenofontov--meliqiSvili didubis panTeonSi dakrZales axlaxan, ediSer broses ki gamorCeuli da gamonaklisi wesiT mianiWes istoriis dargSi akademikosis wodeba.

saqarTvelos mamuliSviluri gznebiT mSromeli istorikosebi sWirdeba, aseTebi arian, magram maT gasaqans ar aZleven. wels saetapo mniSvnelobis gamokvleva gamoaqveyna gamoCenilma mecnierma, batonma ramaz patariZem, Zveli welTaRricxvis mesame saukuneSi qvaze nakveTi qarTuli warwerisa da kalendris sakiTxebze. Mmecnierma zurab qafianiZem saetapo wigni Seqmna qarTul anbanze, arqeologma- batonma givi eliavam saetapo gamokvlevebi Seqmna, gia qvaSilavam festos diskos warwera gaSifra. aseTi mkvlevarebi unda xelmZRvanelobdnen mecnierebaTa akademiasac da institutebsac da maSin mSvidobianad gadawydeba yvela saWirboroto sakiTxi.

qarTvel afxazebTan erTad,  sxva, araqarTveli pirebic aRiricxnen afxazebad, xolo e.w. ‘afxazur’ anu afsuaTa enaze Sedgenil sabuTebSi isini aRricxes araqarTvel absuebad, romelTa mSobliuri ena aris absua ena--romelsac absuuris garda, sxva enebze _ qarTulad, rusulad, frangulad, italiurad, germanulad, iaponurad, Cinurad da sxva—me-19 s.-is meore naxevridan saqarTvelos mtrebma mcdarad ‘afxazuri’ ena uwodes. TurqeTSi absuebs aqamde ara ‘afxazebad’, aramed abazebad moixseniebdnen, maT enas ki ‘abazurs’ uwodebdnen. magaliTad, prof. SuSana futkaraZis saetapod sayuradRebo wignSi—“Cveneburebis qarTuli”—weria, rom SavSeTis qarTul sofelSi, erT mandilosans dananebiT uTqvams 1995 wels misTvis—‘eifunCxen a b a z e b i-o?’—afxazeTSi oms gulisxmobda (gv. 45). dRes ki ukve absuas Turqul Jurnal “CveneburSic” ‘abhaz’-ad axseneben absuebsac da qarTvel afxazebsac. siriidan aSS-Si Casaxlebuli vinme iahia kazani, akad. SoTa MmisabiSvilis sityviT, msoflios 5 milioni viTomcda “afxazi”-saTvis   ormag moqalaqeobas,  afxazeTSi maTs Camosaxlebas, afxazeTSi oTxi saxelmwifo enis SemoRebas (qarTulis, absuuris, rusulis da inglisuris)  moiTxovs, rac aisaxa  axlaxan gaeros xelmZRvanelisadmi gagzavnil da internetiT gamoqveynebul misi masaJis saqmis mcodne vaJis--inal yazanis gancxadebaSi (ixileT ‘abxazia.org’  gesTbuq, 2002 wlis 28 ivlisis masala). Mmanve didZali fuliT iaraRi uyida 1993 wels saqarTvelos winaaRmdeg mebrZolebs. aSS-is xelisufleba inal yazanis afxazeTSi gaprezidentebas aZalebs saqarTvelos. sinamdvileSi absua eTnoss afxazeTSi ar ucxovria bolo dromde da axlac umniSvnelo da gaurkveveli raodenobiT cxovrobs afxazeTis mxareSi da, saerTod, saqarTveloSi. 1953 wels kavkasiaTmcodneobis vladikavkazSi mowyobili konferenciis samecniero krebulSi imas, rasac am statiaSi absuur enas vuwodebT, ‘abazuri enis absuuri kilos’ saxeliT moixseniebda yirimeli enaTmecnieri kliCevi. afxazeTze mcdari teqstia TviT sanaqebod miCneul 1946 wels TbilisSi gamoqveynebul saqarTvelos istoriis saxelmZRvaneloSic ki (ivane javaxiSvilis (maSin eqvsi wlis gardacvlili iyo), simon janaSias, niko berZeniSvilis avtorobiT). sxva sakiTxebze didebulad, magram afxazebis raobaze mruded msjelobda gamoCenili geografi prof. levan maruaSvili 1990 wels gamoqveynebul statiaSi., sadac afxazebad afsuebs gulisxmobda, Tumca, afxazi rom qarTvelia da ara afsua, cxadia, icoda (iseTi kavkasieli swavluli SevarcxvineT, romelsac afxazebis qarTvelobaSi eWvi epareba). qarTveli eris swavlulebis calkeuli warmomadgenlebi ganuwyvetliv cdilobdnen am uTavbolobis, Seusabamobis, sicruis, siyalbis aRmofxvras da simarTlis aRdgenas, ramac Sedegi gamoiRo da 1943 wels qarTveli eris darRveuli ufleba aRsdga ialbuzis (fasis) mTis, q. qluxoris mxareebSi—saqarTvelos xelisuflebisa da qarTveli afxazis—lavrenti berias mondomebiT saqarTvelos daubrunes winaT ruseTis mier mitacebuli es mxareebi da iq qarTuli suli da qarTveloba aaRorZines, ‘afxazi erovnebis’ pirebad (absuas mniSvnelobiT) aRricxul mraval qarTvels aRudgines qarTuli TviTSegneba. qarTueli bavSvebi qarTul skolebSi gadaiyvanes mSoblebma rusuli skolebidan. aRorZinda iq qarTuli meurneoba. saubedurod, maRalCinosani qarTvelebis—ssrk-s xelmZRvanelis--ioseb juRaSvilis da ssrk-s Sinagan saqmeTa ministris--lavrenti berias _ ori qarTveli didmoxelis-- rusebis mier mokvdinebis Semdeg ssrk-s axalma meTaurma _ nikita xruSCovma saqarTvelos waarTva 1943 wels misTvis dabrunebuli qarTuli mxareebi qluxorisa da ialbuzis mxareebSi ( ialbuzis mxare samarTlianad miakuTvnes svaneTis mestiis raions), xolo afxazebis araqarTvel absuebad isev gamocxadeba ssrk-s saxelmwifos doneze moaxdina. ssrk-s xelisuflebis didmoxeleebis davalebiT, qarTvelma dimitri guliam da sxvebma imxanad mimarTes ssrk-s xelisuflebas TxovniT, raTa afxazeTi ruseTisTvis mieerTebina, rogorc, viTomcda, araqarTueli afxazebis samSoblo. manamde ki- 1951 wels imave dimitri guliam gamoaqveyna broSura rogorc qarTul, aseve rusul enaze cxumSi, afxazeTis saxelmwifo gamomcemlobaSi, saTauriT _ `Cemi wignis _ afxazeTis istoriis Sesaxeb~, romelSic aRiara, rom `afxazebi igive qarTvelebi arian~, abxazi te Je gruzini (gv. 9-10, Sesabamisad) da moibodiSa imis gamo, rom winaT werda, viTomcda afxazebi qarTvelebi ar arian da afrikidan Camosaxldnen afxazeTSi (gv.7). afxazebis araqarTuelebad gamocxadebisas mTavar sabuTad moxmobilia xolme romaeli didmoxelis _ pliniusis enciklopediidan cnoba absua xalxis viTomcda im dros (I s.) afxazeTis samxreT mcire nawilSi mosaxleobis Sesaxeb, sinamdvileSi ki, rogorc 1988 wlis bolos, qarTvelma mTargmnelma da patentmcodnem- naTela fofxaZem gamoiZia, pliniusma absuebi uralis mosaxleobad moixsenia (pliniusi `naturalis istoria~, t. 2, wigni 6, Tavi 15. loeb qlesiqal laibseri-s gamocema, londoni, h. reqemis redaqtorobiT) (ix. ruka da qseroasli laTinur, germanul, inglisur, frangul enebze). imave n. fofxaZem 1999 wlis 14 ivniss internetiT miakvlia or Zvel rukas (1562 wlis da 1600 wlis), sadac afsuebi miTiTebuli arian azovis zRvis CrdiloeTiT mdebare velebze, da ara maSindel cxumi-biWvinTa-gagris mxareSi, romelsac maSin samegrelo erqva--da ara afxazeTi. 1562 wlis ruka londonelma entoni jenkinsma Seadgina da zed ‘afsua’ aRniSna, 1600 wlis ruka ki saxelovanma holandielma geografma _ jodoqus hondiusma, romelmac, marTalia, afsua arsad ar axsena (Cans, es tomi maSin ukve daSlili iyo da aRar arsebobda), magram isev azovis zRvis CrdiloeTiT, Tumca odnav aRmosavleTiT, aRniSna sityva `akua~, romelic nikola vitsenis, ioan ioansonis cnobil or rukazec iqvea aRniSnuli. saerTaSoriso geografiuli sazogadoebis mier internetiT gamoqveynebuli masaliT-rukebiT, teqstebiT dadgenilia absuaTa amJamindeli samosaxlo mxare da is Zveleburad, rogorc uwin, uralSia-Sua uralSi, sadac CrdiloeT uralidan |Casaxldnen. afsuaTa SedarebiT axali dasaxlebebia kavkasiis CrdiloeTi winam|Tebis |Crdiloe|T Sevakebaze—imave saer|Ta|Soriso organizaciis monacemebiT.Ees da sxva masalebi asabuTebs imas, rom dRes afxazeTs oficialurad mcdarad ewodeba afsni (afsua enaze), xolo ZirZvel qarTul qalaq cxums (soxums) sabWoTa xanaSi da Semdgomac mcdarad ewodeba absuaTa enaze ‘akua’; rom afsuaTa ena 1995 wlis saqarTvelos konstituciaSi SecdomiT aris aRiarebuli afxazebis enad da--rac didad aRmaSfoTebelia--saxelmwifo enad afxazeTSi. kidev mravali sxva sabuTi arsebobs imis dasamtkiceblad, rom afxazi afsuas saxeli ar iyo da arc unda iyos, rom afxazebad dRes aRricxuli isedac mcire adamianebis raodenobis 85% Cveulebrivi qarTvelebi arian, umTavresad megruli jgufisa. Mmetic, xSirad erTi dedmamis zogi Svili qarTvelad Caweres, zogi ki—erovneba afxazis warmomadgenlebad (absuas mniSvnelobiT). saqarTveloze omis gamoucxadeblad 1992 wels Tavdasxmis Semdeg sxva qveynebis( ruseTis, ukrainis da sxva) aviaciam, artileriam Caxoca, daWra afxazeTis, aseve mezobeli qarTuli mxareebis--mkvidri qarTveli mosaxleoba. mravalma arasamTavrobo organizaciam, kerZo pirma moiTxova 1920ian wlebSi gamogonebul ‘afxaz’ erovnebad aRricxuli qarTvelebis qarTvelebad aRricxva (radgan afxazi qarTvelebis kuTxuri saxelia), amasTan, araqarTveli anu cru ‘afxazebis’ TavianT namdvil erovnebad aRricxva, amiT saqarTvelos mter ucxoelebs xelidan gamoeclebodaT omis sababi _ qarTvelebisagan viTomcda araqarTveli afxazi eris dacva. aseTi mravali Txovna gamoqveynda saqarTvelos presaSi, broSurebSi, internetiT, ramac Sedegi gamoiRo da jer saqarTvelos erovnulma akademiam (arasamTavrobo organizaciam) ganixila, Semdeg afxazeTis mecnierebaTa akademiam, Semdeg ki, 2002 wlis 25 ivliss, afxazeTis avtonomiuri respublikis umaRlesi sabWos sesiam moismina moxseneba, imsjela da miiRo am sakiTxze sagangebo dadgenileba, romelic gamoqveynda mraval gazeTSi, iTargmna rusul da inglisur enebze da daegzavna saerTaSoriso organizaciebs. simarTlis aRsadgenad, vfiqrobT,  aucilebelia kidev erTi nabijis gadadgma: sasamarTlos gadawyvetileba imis Taobaze, rom moxda Secdoma (an danaSauli) da qarTvelebis nawili _ afxazebi (afxazi afxazeTis mxareSi mcxovrebi qarTvelebis Sinauruli, kuTxuri saxelia, rogorc guruli, raWveli)-- mcdarad gaupirovnda ucxo eTnoss afsuas, romlis warmomadgenlebis raodenoba 1989 wels afxazebad aRricxuli pirebis 40 aTasian masaSi ,,savaraudod, 3 aTass ar aRemateboda. afxazebi, iseve, rogorc 1939 wlis ssrk-s aRwerisas calke--araqarTvelebad mcdarad aRricxuli aWarlebi, svanebi, megrelebi, lazebi CarTes—aseve unda CarTon qarTvelebis jgufSi da maT mSobliur enad qarTuli unda aRiaron—yvelam icis qarTuli. absua eTnosis mSobliur enad darCeba absua ena, romelsac imdenive (da ara meti) yuradReba unda mieqces saqarTveloSi, ramdenic--taliSurs, taturs, udurs da sxva aramkvidrTa enebs. am sakiTxze (afxazi qarTvelia da absua ar aris), naTela fofxaZem waikiTxa ori moxseneba istorikos-bizantmcodneTa msoflio yrilobaze moskovSi 1991 wlis 12 agvistos or sxvadasxva sxdomaze, aseve 2000 wlis 8 agvistos --norvegiis dedaqalaq osloSi saistorio kvlevaTa msoflio kongresze, romelic istoriis gamyalbebelTa winaaRmdeg da siyalbeTa aRmofxvris mizniT Catarda. iqve saCivari-gancxadeba gadasca istoriis gayalbebis winaaRmdeg Seqmnil saerTaSoriso organizacias, romlis Tavmjdomare, profesori fransua bedarida (safrangeTidan) kongresis saorganizacio komitetis wevri iyo. am sakiTxze gamoqveynda 50-ze meti statia, mimarTvebi gaerosadmi, euTosadmi, broSurebi qarTul, inglisur da rusul enebze. gaiTvaliswines ra Cveni da sxvaTa ( batonebis: sergi sajaias, Temur gugeSaSvilis, dimitri qeburias, ilia arqanias, revaz salias, biZina TavaZis, vaxtang sarTanias, nodar naTaZis, q-nebis--guliko uruSaZis, lora gadilias da sxvaTa mimarTvebi, gamoqveynda afxazeTis avtonomiuri respublikis umaRlesi sabWos sesiis 2002 wlis 25 ivlisis dadgenileba , romelic yvelam unda gaviTavisoT. masSi weria: miRebul iqnas cnobad, rom Crdilo-dasavleT saqarTveloSi---afxazeTSi, ruseTis caristuli da bolSevikuri diversiebisa da eTnofabrikaciebis [cru erovnebebis gamogonebis] politikis Sedegad gayalbebul iqna sityva “afxazis” Sinaarsi da qarTvelTa samxareo sadaurobis aRmniSvneli es saxeli oficialur erovnebad daudginda bolo dros am teritoriaze Crdilo kavkasiidan imigrirebul (Semoxiznul) mosaxleobas, romelic Tavis Tavs “afsua”-s uwodebs. am qmedebiT--saxel “afxazi”-s gamoyenebis ufleba waerTva adgilobriv qarTvel mosaxleobas, riTac SesaZlebeli gaxda mkvidri qarTveli mosaxleobis, rogorc TiTqosda “arasatitulos” diskriminacia afxazeTSi--misadmi mizanmimarTuli represiebis CaTvliT. diskriminciam ganapiroba mkvidri qarTvelebis mniSvnelovani nawilis iZulebiTi asimilacia [gadagvareba] politikuri, socialuri, samsaxurebrivi da sxva Seviwroebisagan Tavis dacvis mizniT. Mmravali aTasi qarTveli iZulebuli gaxda uareyo Tavisi erovnebis aRmniSvneli termini ‘qarTveli’ da erovnebad mieRo ‘afxazi’ am sityvis axali, gayalbebuli mniSvnelobiT, rusulad ‘abxazec’, afsuur enaze—‘afsua’. 1917 wlamde aseTive politikas eweoda didmpyrobeluri ruseTis mmarTveloba, saxeldobr, teritoriuli kuTvnilebis (sadaurobis) aRmniSvneli termini ‘afxazi’ miekuTvneboda an mxolod ‘afsuas’, an, masTan erTad, adgilobriv qarTvelsac, magram mxolod im pirobiT, Tu misi dokumentebidan amoiricxeboda sityva ‘qarTveli’.  ‘afxazebisaTvis’ (am sityvis axali, xelovnuri mniSvnelobiT) dawesebuli Zalian didi SeRavaTebi vrceldeboda mxolod am or kategoriaze. Aaqedan gamomdinare, 1917 wlamde arsebuli, Semdeg ki 1921—1990 wlebis represiuli reJimis simwvavis gaTvaliswinebiT , afxazeTis mkvidri qarTveli mosaxleoba aRiarebul iqnas rusuli caristuli da bolSevikuri represiebisa da teroris  msxverplad. 2. istoriuli samarTlianobis aRdgenis, sizustis da afsua xalxis terminologiuri tradiciisadmi pativiscemis mizniT Catardes sainformacio-saganmanaTleblo RonisZiebebis cikli saxel ‘afxazis’ WeSmariti mniSvnelobiT gamoyenebis  aRsadgenad—rogorc saqarTvelos Crdilo-dasavleTi mxaris—afxazeTis mkvidri qarTveli mosaxleobis aRmniSvnelisa. ganemartos afxazeTis mosaxleobas da msoflios sazogadoebriobas imis aucilebloba, rom xalxs, romelic Tavis enaze Tavis Tavs uwodebs ‘afsuas’, magram oficialuri terminologiiT danarCen enebze usafuZvlod ewodeba ‘afxazi’, oficialur sxvaenovan terminologiaSic unda aRudges TviTsaxelwodeba ‘afsua’, romelic dResac da istoriuladac misi vinaobis erTaderTi da , amdenad, yovelmxriv sapatio ucvleli (ualternativo) gamomxatvelia. saxelwodebis es dazusteba aRmofxvris afxazeTis mosaxleobis SiSis da undoblobis erTerT mizezs da mTavar dabrkolebas qarTvel da afsua mosaxleobas Soris. 3. cneba ‘afxazis’  ZirZveli mniSvnelobis aRdgena miCneul iqnas afxazeTSi arsebuli konfliqtis Semdgomi gamwvavebis SesaZleblobis aRkveTis aucilebel saSualebad, gareSe qveynis mier afxazeTis okupaciis Sewyvetis erTerT aucilebel nabijad…8. vTxovT saqarTvelos parlaments msjelobisa da saTanado politikuri da saorganizacio daskvnebis sagnad dauyovnebliv aqcios es dadgenileba. .9. es dadgenileba farTod gaSuqdes sainformacio saSualebebiT.

------Cvenis mxriv aRvniSnavT, rom CrdiloeT uralSi da ufro Sors momTabare ukulturo eTniur narev jgufebTan( afsuebTan, adiRebTan da sxv.) erTad e.w. ‘kavkasiuri saxlis’ aSeneba-rasac 1921 wlidan ruseTi gvaZalebs-  SeuZlebelia. Aarc osebi, arc armenebi, arc e.w. azerbaijanelebad 1937-ian wlebSi saxeldebuli TaTrebi, Turqebi, Turqmanebi, Taraqamebi, arc absuebi, arc Cerqezebi ar arian kavkasielebi da  maT kavkasielobas saqarTvelos is mtrebi abraleben, romelTac es arakavkasielebi sxva qveynebidan TviTon ahyares da jer CrdiloeT, Semdeg ki—samxreT kavkasiaSi Semoityues da aomeben.

                            NnaTela fofxaZe    

 

                                     

broshuristvisjanashze2

naTela fofxaZe. saqarTvelo. Tbilisi

“uuZvelesi” qarTuli literatura mose janaSvilis gamouqveynebeli qarTuli wignis gaTvaliswinebiT

qarTul kulturaze msjelobisas aucilebelia emegir//emegiruli eniTa da damwerlobiT moRweuli aTasobiT warweris, teqstis gaTvaliswineba. es moiTxovs saqarTvelos respublikaSi mecnierebis am ganxris qarTvel moRvaweTa saTanadod aRzrdas, swavlebas, maTTvis swavlisa da Sromis saukeTeso pirobebis Seqmnas, waxalisebas, dawinaurebas. emegir//emegiruls Zv.w. III aTaswleulidanve uwodebdnen im damwerlobasa da masze Seqmnil literaturas, romelsac 1700 wels londonelma mkvlevarma Tomas haidma nebismierad uwoda kuneiform damwerloba. rusul enaze es sityva iTargmna klinopis-ad, qarTulze, rusulis mibaZviT, -solisebur an lursmanis msgavs//lursmnur//lursmnul damwerlobad. emegiruli damwerloba da ena vinc ar icis kargad, is tuf-sarad ver CaiTvleba-miiCneva im nawerSi, romelic emegiruli damwerlobiT iswavleboda e-tufa-Si ( tufebis, saweri filebis saxlSi.’e’ aris ‘saxli’) Zv.w. III aTaswleulidan pirvel saukunemde mainc. im Zvel enaze es ase JRerda: tuf-sar emegir nu-mun-co-a anam nam-tufsarram. tufi ewodeboda Tixis filas, razec wkiriT Wridnen sityvebs. sar udrida xelmZRvanels, mefes. aTaswleulTa Semdeg sityva sar isesxes sklavebma da car-ad aqcies. sklavi ellinuri sityvaa da niSnavs monas, sklavini(sklavebi)-monebs. aso ‘k’-s usafuZvlod amogdebiT sklavidan miRebulia sityva slavi. swored amgvaradve, sityva okraina-Si, rac ganapira, kidura mxares niSnavs, pirveli asos SecvliT SemoRebulia manamde ararsebuli sityva ukraina da saxelmwifos saxelad aris qceuli XX saukunidan, riTac mifuCeCebulia sinamdvile. emegiruli literaturis uZveles nimuSebs londonelma mkvlevarebma XIXsaukuneSi uwodes qaldeian (qalde qveynisa). XIX saukuneSive parizelma mkvlevarma Jiul oppertma sityva qaldeian daiwuna da jer akkadian (aqaduri), Semdeg ki sumerian( sumeruli) uwoda. ramdenime saxelmwifos muzeumebSi da gamofenebze nivTebze warwerebi Seacvlevina qaldeian-is nacvlad sumerian-iT. im Zveli damwerlobiT aRbeWdili masalis Targmnisas inglisur, frangul da sxva amJamindel enebze, dedanSi arsebul saxelmwifoTa saxelebs: kola, kola-ba, qi enqi qi-uri//qveyana RvTaeba enqisa qveyana uri//qienqiqiuri( saidanac amohyavT saxeli enguri), aia, kardunia//qardunia Caanacvleben xolme sxva sityvebiT: sumer, akkad, mesopotamia, fertail kreSent, rac dedanSi ar aris. saxeli fertail kreSenT nebismierad gamoigona mkvlevarma g. brestedma 1956 wels da niSnavs: uxvmosavliani naxevarmTvariseburi mxare. aucilebelia dedanSi aRbeWdili sakuTari saxelebis ucvlelad gadatana sxva enebze Targmnisas, raTa ar miiCqmalos am saxeliT moxseniebuli eris wvlili mis kulturaSi. qarTveli adamianebidan bolo saukuneebSi miviwyebuli emegiruli//qalduri damwerlobiT pirvelad italieli mogzauri didebulis, patricio dela vales meuRle, qarTveli Tina dainteresda.. is aTi wlisac ar iyo, rodesac saqarTvelodan gaitaces ucxoelebma da stambolis bazarze iyida aRsazrdelad dela vales pirvelma meuRlem, romelic SemdgomSi gardaicvala. Tina SemdgomSi patricios coli gaxda, mogzaurobis dros axlda xolme.. man miawoda gzispirze dagdebuli warweriani qva da daavala patricios did qalaqebSi waredgina mkvlevarebisaTvis da naweris Sinaarsi misTvis ecnobebina. amiT daiwyo am damwerlobis kvleva da miviwyebuli damwerlobis gacocxleba, aRorZineba. amJamad am Zvel enaze orasze meti mkvlevari metyvelebs sxvadasxva qveyanaSi da mkvdari ena aRar unda ewodebodes-weria stiiv tinnis mier Sedgenili, aSS-is saxelmwifo standartis ganyofilebisadmi erTi SeTavazebis(proeqtis) standartis teqstSi, romelic warudgina aSS-is standartebis gamcem dawesebulebas 1996 wels. ar mianiWes standarti aSS-Si. sasurvelad mimaCnia misTvis standartis miniWeba swored amJamindel qaldiaSi//qarTiaSi//saqarTvelos saxelmwifoSi. es gzas gauxsnis sxva saxelmwifoebis standartis mimniWebeli dawesebulebebis mier misTvis saxelmwifo standartis miniWebas. 1800-ian wlebSi am damwerlobiT dainteresdnen aRmosavleT saqarTvelos mefe daviTi( giorgi XIII-is ufrosi vaJi) da misi swavluli Zmebi. isini ruseTis imperatorma ojaxebianad da naTesavebianad iZulebiT gaasaxla samSoblodan da aukrZala dabruneba. daixocnen ruseTSi da iq ganisveneben. daviT mefis davalebiT misma TanaSemwem emegiruli damwerlobis kvlevis viTarebaze xelnaweri wigni Seadgina, romelic ar gamoqveynebula. werilobiTi cnobiT, quTaisSi muzeumSi Tu arqivSi inaxeba. daviT mefe 1819, misi Zma Teimurazi 1849 wels gardaicvala ruseTSi. 1880-ian wlebSi ukve mravali amokiTxuli teqsti da maTi kvlevis Sedegi gamoqveynda ramdenime qveyanaSi. am damwerlobis kvlevis miRwevebi ganixiles ilia WavWavaZem wignSi qvaTa RaRadi, mose janaSvilma wignSi saqarTvelos istoria ( gamoqveynda 1906 wels tfilisSi) da ramdenime missave xelnawer gamouqveynebel wignSi; mixeil TamaraSvilma romSi frangul enaze dabeWdil wignSi l’eglis JorJien, romelic qarTul enaze iTargmna da daibeWda 1995 wels TbilisSi, as gverdze meti uZRvna emegiruli//lursmnuli damwerlobisa da literaturis kvlevis miRwevebs qarTul enasTan mimarTebiT; niko marma rusulad Targmna qaldes mefis warwerebi, mixeil wereTelma dargs miuZRvna gamokvlevebi: sumeruli da qarTuli; xeTa, misi xalxi, kultura da istoria; gilgameSiani. am miviwyebuli damwerlobis Seswavlas da kvlevas mose janaSvilma( 1855-1934) eqvsi aTwleuli Sealia. am ganxriT misi Rvawli mxolod saqarTvelos xelnawerTa centris arqivis furclebzea asaxuli. is mcired aRibeWda korneli kinwuraSvilis mier Sedgenil m. janaSvilis naSromebis krebulSi, romelsac Jami fiqrisa da gansjisa ewodeba da 2006 wels gamoqveynda. m. janaSvilis moRvaweobas mieZRvna ori samecniero sakvalifikacio naSromi xelnaweris uflebiT. erTis avtoria i.rine gofoZe, meorisa-qeTevan genebaSvili. maT arc ki ganixiles qalduri, xeTuri, sumeruli literaturis kvlevaSi misi Rwva da is, rom isini uuZveles qarTul literaturad miiCnia da ganixila gamosaqveyneblad gamzadebul qarTul da rusul enovan ramdenime wignSi.

Q       qalduri lursmnuri teqstebi

q. TbilisSi, xelnawerTa erovnul centrSi m. janaSvilis fondSi daculma misma erTma gamouqveynebelma xelnawerma wignma #149, gansakuTrebiT miipyro Cemi yuradReba.              saTauria: `qalduri lursmuri teqstebi da TviT qaldebis istoria”. saTauris qvemoT weria: `qarTveluri ena qarTveli modgmis gonebaa, xolo goneba-misi enaa da istoria”. TariRad 1919 welia, magram masze momdevno wlebSic muSaobis kvali aisaxa minawerebSi. pirveli Tavis saTauria: Suamere-xaldidan (qaldidan) qarTlamde. xelnaweris pirvelive winadadebaSi axsnilia, rom qarTul enovani Zveli istoriis Tanaxmad, qarTvelebis uZvelesi samSoblo moicavs qveyana babilonsac; Zv.w. 2700-ian wlebSi, cxoreba qarTvelTa da mefeTa maTTa-s teqstis Tanaxmad, qarTvelebis nawili ganerida omiT Sewuxebul mxares, oreTidan( ase iwodeba mesopotamia qarTulad) gadasaxlda ufro CrdiloeTiT arsebul qarTul mxareSi mTa masissa da mTa ararats Soris mdebare vrcel areze. warmoCenilia simarTle am or mTas Soris didi sivrcis arsebobaze da uaryofilia ucxotomeli mkvlevarebis varaudi masis-ad araratis mwvervalis miCnevis sakiTxze. masisi Tavris mTianeTis Sua nawilSia, ararati misgan didad daSorebul mxareSia. Cemis mxriv davumateb, rom mas-is mTa masu//maSu saxelwodebiT ixsenieba qveyana kolas mefis lugalbandas vaJis mogzaurobis amsaxvel teqstSi. lugalbandas Semdgom kola qveyanaSi gamefda misi vaJi, gmiri gilgameSi. oriveni werilobiT dadasturebuli mTamsvlelebi//alpinistebi arian da koladan imogzaures CrdiloeTiT mdebare maRalmTianeTSi, sadac gilgameSianis teqstis Tanaxmad, maSus mTasTan saRamos brundeboda dedamisis saxlSi utu (mze RmerTi). qaldeur//qarTuli mTamsvlelobis dasawyisi maTgan unda aviTvaloT da ara XX saukunidan( rogorc dRes aRiarebulia SecdomiT cnobarebSi). lugalbanda gamefebamde ewvia maSus mTas. iqve dasustda avadmyofobis gamo. aRar sunTqavda. Tanmxlebma Svidma vaJkacma, romelic Zmebad ixseniebian, mwuxarebiT miatoves gamoqvabulSi; Rvino, ludi, namcxvrebi, cximi da sxva saWmeli dautoves da wavidnen maRalmTaSi im imediT, rom dabrunebisas an janmrTeli SeeyrebodaT, an mkvdars waasvenebdnen TavianT Soreul dedaqalaqSi. sayuradReboa, rom iqve dasaflaveba dauSveblad miiCnies im Soreul droSi. lugalbanda utus( mzis), mTvaris( nanas) da saRamos varskvlavis sinaTlem moasuliera, simSvide mihgvara, moaZliera. maT mimarT iloca da SesTxova Svela. maT Seismines Txovna da mSvidi Zili miuRvares. gaRviZebisas aRaraferi stkioda. gadarCa da dabrunda sxvebTan erTad. misi SemdgomSi gamefebuli vaJi gilgameSic aqeT, CrdiloeTiT, maSus mTisaken gamoeSura ukvdavebis saSualebis mosapoveblad da sagmiro saqmiT saxelis mosaxveWad. axalqarTul enaze gilgameSis ambavi anu gilgameSiani emegiruli//lursmnuli teqstidan germanul enovani Targmanis gaTvaliswinebiT Targmna mixeil wereTelma da 1924 wels konstantinepolis qarTvel kaTolikeTa savaneSi arsebul stambaSi dabeWda. imJamad es Zvirfasi nawarmoebi mxolod inglisur, frangul da germanul enaze iyo Targmnili da gamoqveynebuli. italiur, rusul da sxva enebze gilgameSiani mxolod qarTuli Targmanis gamoqveynebidan karga xnis Semdgom iTargmna. m. janaSvilma mas-is mTad ‘Taur’-ad saxeldebuli qedis maRali mTa aRiara. lursmnuli emegiruli damwerlobiT maSu niSnavs tyups//ors(tyup mTas) ( nino samsonia. saxelmZRvanelo saleqcio teqstebi studentebisaTvis). gilgameSianSi aris qveTavi ‘gilgameSi da aratas mTianeTis batoni’. Earatas mTad Tu ararats miviCnevT, gamova, rom gilgameSis dros (Zv.w. 2700-ian wlebSi mis xelqveiT myof kolaelebs urTierToba hqoniaT araratis mTis maxlobel mosaxleobasTan. SesaZloa, rom man araratis orwvera//tyupmwvervaliani mTa dalaSqra. mesame mosazrebad sazogadoebas vTavazob tyup maSu mTad gigiS mTis aRiarebas. gigiS amJamadac oficialurad ewodeba mTas, romelsac meorenairad ialbuzi//elbrusi ewodeba da saqarTvelos ekuTvnoda stalinisa da berias gardacvalebamde. oriod wlis Semdeg saqarTvelos waarTva n. xruSCovma da ruseTs miuerTa. skolaSi gvaswavlidnen geografiis saxelmZRvaneloebiT, rom ialbuzi saqarTvelos umaRlesi mwvervalia. gigiSis//ialbuzis mTasac ‘maSu’ ewodeboda 1980-ian wlebSi, rodesac zamTrobiTac, zafxulobiTac mis kalTebze TxilamurebiT vsrialebdi da iqve TveobiT visvenebdi. m. janaSvilma mTis saxeli “mas”-isi qarTvelTa erT-erT saxelwodebas(masxi//mes-xi) da faz-s, fazianas, fazias, aqedan ki sityva azias daukavSira. es mosazrebac safuZvlianad mimaCnia. manve vrclad imsjela cneba “kolx”-ze da sityva “kola”-s daukavSira. esec swori mosazrebaa. m. janaSvilma ganmarta, rom qarTuli mere niSnavs mxares, miwa-wyals, amitomaa, rom axalqarTulSi a-mere-Ti niSnavs qedis aqeT mdebare mxares, i-mere-Ti niSnavs qedis iqeT arsebul mxares. sityva mere-s am Sinaarsis Sesabamisad, sityva Sumeri aris igive ~Suamere.~ `Suamere~ ornawiliani sityvaa. pirvelia `Sua~ // SuaSi mdebare, meorea `mere~. `mere~ sarwyav miwas niSnavs. qarTulSi Su ixmareba Sua-s Sesatyvisad, rac daasabuTa a. SaniZis mier mTaSi Cawerili xalxuri leqsebiT. m. janaSvili ganmartavs, rom ucxoeli mkvlevarebic ki aRiareben, rom xaldebi//qaldebi arian Zveli drois qarTvelebi da imowmebs maTive teqstebs. m. janaSvilma SeamCnia, rom efrem mcires xelnawerSi aRbeWdilia sityva qalTveli. qalTveli qalde sityvidan qarTu-mde gardamaval safexurad miiCnia da Tavis sxva xelnawerebSic xazgasmiT axsena. SemdgomSi qalTvelebi iwodnen qarTvelebad. SevniSnav, rom uZvelesi lursmnuli//emegiruli teqstebis monacemebiT, pirveli saxelmwifo warmonaqmnebi moicavdnen mdinare puranunu//evfratis xeobas da ewodebodaT kola(RvTaeba anqi//aia-s mier Tixisagan gamoZerwili mSeneblobis RvTaeba kola-s saxelis mixedviT, Cemi mosazrebiT), qveyana qienqi//qi-enqi( RvTaeba enqi-s qi anu qveyana), qveyana eri-du(eri=axalqarTuli sityva eri/ niSnavs eTnoss, nacias). maT mier CrdiloeTiT mimdebare midamos SerwymiT Seiqmna gacilebiT vrceli saxelmwifo da ewoda qarTu//qardu//qarduniaS//qarTuniaS. qarTunia saxeliT is cnobilia Zv.w. XVII saukunidan mis mefeTa mimoweraSi gimeTis faraoebTan. gimeT aris nilosis auzSi mdebare qvemo saxelmwifos saxeli, romelsac aTaswleulebis Semdeg ewoda egviptax( ptax misi RvTaebis saxeli iyo). gime niSnavs qvemo-s margaluradac//megruladac. es amixsna statistikosma, Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitetis docentma rezo saliam. madlobas movaxseneb. Zvel egviptesTan//gimeTTan qarTvelebis urTierToba, dinastiuri qorwinebebi Zv.w. II aTaswleulSi, qarTvelTa RvTaeba aTena-s//mzis aqauri mefis asulebis mier faraoebze sxvadasxva dros gaTxovebis Sedegad gavrceleba gimeTSi saguldagulod ikvlia m. janaSvilma. emegiruli//lursmnuri damwerlobiT aRbeWdili teqstebidan Targmna hamburabis//hamurabis samarTali, miTanis mefe tuS-ratis werilebi Zv. w. XIIII saukuneSi gimeTis faraosadmi. m. janaSvilma icoda mitanis//miTanis mefis asulebis, faraoebze gaTxovilebis saxelebi: gilu-xifa, TaTu-xifa. davumateb, rom TaTu dabadebisas Serqmeuli saxelia miTanis mefe TuS-ratis asulisa, romelic 13 wlisa gaaTxoves faraoze da 356-qaliani amaliT gaistumres nilosis auzSi mdebare saxelmwifoSi, romelsac lursmnuri da ieroglifuri damwerlobiT imJamad ewodeboda mizra//misra//mizria. imJamindeli viTarebis ganxilvisas sasurvelia is qveyana imJamindeli saxeliT(mizria) movixsenioT. davfiqrdeT imaze, rom nilosis auzSi mdebare ZvelTaZveli saxelmwifos saxelia mizria, sadac werdnen ieroglifuri damwerlobiT. aSkaraa, rom mizra igive izra-elia. erT dros xmelTaSua zRvis aRmosavleTiT mdebare mxarec mizras faraebs hqondaT dapyrobili da emorCilebodaT. imJamad amJamindeli uru-salimis//ierusalimis momcvel mxaresac, cxadia, rom ewodeboda mizra anu izraeli. es geografiuli kuTxe ZvelTaganve dasaxlebuli iyo qaldebiT//qarTebiT da imarTeboda qaldes mefeTa mier dedaqalaq eridudan, SemdgomSi dedaqalaq koladan, kidev ufro mogvianebiT, dedaqalaq kalxudan, zogjer, qalaq babilonidan. aqedan gamomdinare, cxadia, rom mizras(Zveli egviptes) mosaxleoba iyo ieroglifebiT mwerali mizra mosaxleoba mizras enaze metyveli. Masobrivi informaciis saSualebebi savsea iudas monaTesave modgmis// iudebis//iudevelebis mier dawerili saCivrebiT, sadac mizras//Zveli egviptis lanZRva-ginebaa mTavari sakiTxi. iudevelebma miitaces sxvisi saxeli da msoflio Seawuxes usafuZvlo teritoriuli moTxovnebiT.  amJamindeli saxelmwifo izraeli( iudebisa, iudebis saxelmwifo eniT, damwerlobiT da a.S.) 1948 wels daarsda ZirZvel qarTul//kolxur//xeTur//xeTur miwa-wyalze. mosawoni ar aris qarTvelTa miwa-wyalis patronobisadmi qarTveli da qarTul gvarebs amofarebuli araqarTveli mkvlevarebis ugulisyuroba, miviwyeba, gaCuqeba, masze xelis aReba. amis ufleba aravis ar unda hqondes. mkvlevarebs evalebaT qaldes//qarTis miwa-wyalis ganfenilobis sworad, dauknineblad swavleba da qarTveli eris gacnobiereba, rom xmelTaSua zRvis aRmosavleTiT mimdebare mxare ZirZveli qaldea//qarTi//saqarTveloa; rom aucilebelia am sinamdvilis gaTvaliswinebiT saqmianoba moRvaweobis yvela sferoSi. am kuTxiT saqarTvelos respublikis saswavleblebSi saqmianoba Tavdayiraa dayenebuli da wamdauwum qveyndeba werilebi saTauriT “Tu dagiviwyo “ieruSalaim” . im qalaqis ZirZveli saxelia uri-silim, sadac “uri” qveyana aias, kolas, qardus mxarea da es simarTle farTod gasavrcelebelia. Ees sakiTxi warmoaCina mose janaSvilma jer kidev XIX saukuneSi. TaTus//nefertitis erTi asuli miaTxoves qardunia qveynis//saqarTvelos mefes da dedaqalaq kalxu-Si cxovrobda. amJamad mas qalaqi nimrodi ewodeba da saqarTvelos respublikis samxreTiT mdebareobs. gansakuTrebiT sayuradReboa, rom m. janaSvilma gamokveTa sakiTxi asureTis saxelmwifos gvian Seqmnaze-Tanac, sxva eris miwa-wyalze da asureTis danaSaulze: qaldes qveynis mitacebaze, qaldebis//qarTvelebis Jletasa da maTi qonebis, kulturis miTvisebaze. qveyana asur ZirZvel qaldur miwaze daarsda Zv.w. meTormete saukuneSi, ubedureba moutana ZirZvel mosaxleobas, amdenad, qaldebis damwerlobis, literaturis, kulturis kvlevis dargis saxeldeba asurologiad//asurTmcodneobad umarTebulo da usamarTloa. ATbilisis universitetSi asiriologiis//asurologiis kaTedris am saxeliT daarseba 1918 wlidan, sabWour xanaSi am saxeliTve am kaTedris aRdgena umarTebulo iyo. umjobesi iqneboda  qalduri//emegiruli damwerlobisa da kulturis swavleba TviT qarTuli enis, istoriisa da kulturis Seswavlisas saTanado ganyofilebebze, qaldebs asurelebTan,xeTebs gimeTelebTan//misrelebTan//egviptelebTan mouxdaT didi brZolebi samSoblos dasacavad. “xeTis mefe usayvedurebdao faraos//faraons( zog xelnawerSi m. janaSvili “faraons” wers, zogSi-“farao”-s; sworia “farao” mizris//misreTis masalis gaTvaliswinebiT) imis gamo, rom misadmi miweril Tixis filaze faraos Tavisi saxeli xeTas mefis saxelis win daeso da Tavazianobis darRvevad miaCnda xeTas xseneba ara egviptis xsenebis win, aramed, mis Semdgom. m. janaSvili mkiTxvelebs amcnobs, rom rodesac oqsfordis universitetis profesorma a. g. saisma aRmoaCina, Tu ra diadi saqmianoba hqondaT gaCaRebuli xeTebs, sxva mkvlevarebma gakicxes da ararsebuli warsulis mTxzveli, `fantaziori~//mefantazie uwodes. usamarTlo kiJinam a.saiss guli ver gautexa; ganagrZo kvleva da aTi wlis Semdeg (1888w.) gamoaqveyna Tavisi ufro dasabuTebuli naSromi. is rusul enaze Targmna butkovskim. m. janaSvilma safuZvlianad ikvlia ioane petriwis naSromebi da Seadgina petriwis leqsikoni. is ratomRac gamouqveynebelia.Mm. janaSvilis sityviT, imperiisdroindeli rusi moxeleebi da mkvlevarebi, `mecnierebi~ sxvebze uaresad epyrobodnen dRevandel mcire qarTvelobas, swamebdnen uniWobas, xSirad dacinviT ixseniebdnen mis `siyvarulis enasac~ (zisserman. `Двадцат let на Кавказе~, t. 1. gv. 1). mxolod amisTana ugulvelyofiT qarTveluri enisa unda aixsnas is garemoeba, rom evropielebis TviT udides mkvlevarTa ufros erTi krints ara sZravs qarTvelobis Sesaxeb, rodesac dasvams kiTxvas, vin SeiZleba yofiliyo is eri, romelic iTvleba Semoqmedad kreta-mikenis kulturisa, vin iyvnen da ra enaze laparakobdnen is xeTebi, romelnic ebrZodnen mZlavr egviptes, rogorc swori swors, vin unda yofiliyo xeTazed ara nakleb gamoCenili qaldi, romlis enis sityvebia sumer (=Su mere = Sua mere), naRarain( sarwyavi arxebiT daRaruli qveyana) da akkadi (aR-kadi). maT rom ar awuxebdeT TavianTi `arieloba,~ qarTvelur ersac mowyaled gadmoxedavdnen da gaigebdnen Semdegs: qarTvelTa winapari iyo Tobeli = Tubal-kaini (dab. 4-22), Zma noesi, da warRvnis (3242w.) Semdeg igi da misi Zmiswulebi Tobel II, mosxi (mesxi), xiTi da sxvani cxovrobdnen imave Sennar-naRarain-aRkadSi, ese igi, Suameres, da vidre nebroTis gamoCenamde am Suameresi yvela maSindeli xalxosnobis ena iyoo mxolod Suameruli anu `sumeruli~. biblia (T.11-1) ambobs: `iyo yoveli queyana ena erT da xmai erT yovelTa~, `naTesavi erT da bage (Napiruc) erT yovelTa~ (11-6). maSasadame, davaskvniT Cven, maSin jer saerTod ar unda yofiliyo arc ena iafetisa, arc bage semisa, arc metyveleba qamisa, aramed iyo erTi sazogado ena, yvelasaTvis erTi gasagebi bage. romelzec saubrobda im mxaris mosaxleoba TviT adams moRmarT nebroTamde da es ena-bage unda yofiliyo sumeruli (Suameruli).               am SumerT 4000 wlebSi kidec moigones wera–maTeburad S’arr (ixileT v.Sileiko. Вотывния надписи шумерийских правителei (1915 w. XXXIII); m. nikolski. Древности Восточныя (t. 3. nak. II, gv. 1). es S’ar unda iyos igive qarTveluri War (wera). am sumerul (Sua merul) enas ekava igeTive adgili, viT, mogvianebiT, laTinur enas-evropaSi, magram im gansxvavebiT, rom sumerul SuamdinareSi gavlenis JamierobiTa da, sazogadod,  xangrZlivobiT kidec sWarbobda laTinuris xangrZlivobas evropaSi. Cven mivaxwevT~, ambobs deliCi, `im pra-indiur-evropul da ara semiur er sumeramde, romelic moivlina Semoqmedad babilonis kulturisa~ (fr. deliCi. Библия и Вавилон. gv. 16: К. Becold „Ассирия и Vavilon”, gv. 13). vinkleri (Вавилон, его история и культурa~, gv. 18). `msgavsad laTinur enisa romaul kaTolike eklesiis saWiroebisaTvis, sumeruli SuamereSi daSTa enad mecnierebisa da kultisa... sumeruli unda miviCnioT enad babilonis im binadari mosaxleobisa, romelic aq cxovrobda semianebis//semitebis( bibliuri semis STamomavlebis) mosvlamde. maSasadame, sumerebis mxare aris is Suaguli mxare, romelSic ganviTarda babilonis kultura da Seiqmna, ganviTarda misi umTavresi mxare – lursmuri wera, romelic Seiqmna sityvaTa da azrTa gadasacem-gadmosacem saxsarad.~ akad. turaevi (`Классический Восток~, 1914, 161): `ukvdavi dideba moipoves sumerebma weris gamogonebiT. maTi wera gavrcelda wina-aziaSi da Seiqmna iaraRad babilonis kulturisa umetes 2 1/2  aTaseul wlebisa.~ aseTi iyo es sumeruli sakacobrio ena, magram raxan TviT etimologia sityvisa sumer = Suamere qarTulia da raxan ioseb flabiosi ambobs: `Tobelisagan warmoiSvnen Tobelni, romelnic Cven dros iwodebian iverebad,~ unda vifiqroT, rom im `erT ena-bageSi~ SeuZlebeli iyo ar gareuliyo iverTa xmebic, romelnic aRniSnavdnen mzes, mTvares, RmerTs, Tvlas da sxvaTa, da romelic maSin iyo sumeruli da, rogorc ageTi, - sakacobrio ena-bagec, da raxan sumerebis pirdapiri memkvidreni iyvnen qaldni, CveniT – qarTni (qarTvelni), amitom sruliad ar gvikvirs, rodesac mkvlevarni sweren: `xalduri mecniereba savsebiT isesxes asurelebma (v. a. zaicev. Руководство Всемирной истории. Древная история Востока. 1879, gv. 195). qaldni arian igive ur-qaldni (dabad. 11-28). `ur~ = qarTveli: urac=vrac (qarTveli), urastan=vrastan (saqarTvelo), virq (=urq) – qarTvelni, ivirq (igive iveria). Sead: uria=svan. viria. azna-ur=svan. azna-vir. mind-uri=mind-ori=mind-ver (svan). ur=or-vir=ver-svan: ver anu gim aris miwa. Sead. ‘ver’ sityvaSi tver, tveri, mtveri ese igi miwiani. iori=iuri-iviri=iveri. naT. iveris=iuris-ivris-xeoba. vera=vere anu ur-a=or=e. wm. ninos cx. 15: or-banTad=ur-bniTad=or-bniTad=ur-bnisad.  h u r i. `javaxos aRaSena wunda da artani, romelsa maSin erqua qajTa qalaqi, xolo aw hrqvian huri (q. cx. 20)~. kidev saxelebi sofelTa: ur, ura-veli, uravi, ur-Zuma, ur-jvari, uriaT-ubani, ur-sauri, urT-xva, urTa (mTaa [sofel] xeTas da caiss Soris). Huristani=hurastani=vrastani (saqarTvelo), ixileT m. janaSvilis am xelnaweris gv. im. agreTve qveTavi VIII xald=qalT=qarT da gv. iT, SeniSnva. Tavi 2-is saTauria winaswari cnobebi qaldur lursmul ZeglweraTa Sesaxeb.             

m. janaSvili wers: Cemi pirveli Txzuleba `cxovrebis zogi viTareba~ daibeWda `sasoflo gazeTSi~ 1877 wlis 17 agvistos. mas aqeT 54 welia vSromob saqarTvelos warsulis Seswavlaze. Jurnal `imedSi~ 1881 wels ibeWdeboda Cemi werilebi `saqarTvelos mokle istoria~, romelic Semdeg (1884w.) calkec daibeWda. igive masala SevimuSaveT, SevavseT da gamoveciT 1894 welsac axali saTauriT, `saqarTvelos istoria~. orive gamocema bevrma moiwona, rogorc pirveli saxelmZRvanelo wigni, romliTac SeiZleboda qarTveli eris gavlil cxovrebis gaTvaliswineba. magram piradad Cven ar gvakmayofilebda Cven-mier dabeWdili wignebi da ukamyofilebis umTavresi mizezi-ki is iyo, rom wyaroebis uqonlobis gamo qarTveli eris istoriis Zveli xana bundad iyo warmodgenili da zRapars ufro hgavda, vidre istorias. am xanas Sesaxeb erovnuli matiane `qarTlis cxovreba~, romliTac vsargeblobT, iZleva aseT cnobebs: qarTvelTa winaprebi movidneno CrdiloeTSi babilonidan, mere damyarda mamasaxlisoba da Semdeg mefoba mcxeTaSi. amis mets aras iuwyeba matiane qarTveli eris cxovrebis Sesaxeb im uamrav saukuneebidan, romelTac gavles pirvel qarTvel Tobelidam vidre azomde. xarvezi friad didia (Tobeli 3242 wels da azo 324 wlidan!) da es xarvezi ver amoivseba raRac oriode cnobiT matianisa. am yofaSi Cven mivediT im daskvnamde, rom Zveli drois Sesaswavlad saWiroa Segneba, gaTvaliswineba qarTveluri enisa. es iyo mizezi, rom Cveni kvleva-Ziebis obieqtad Seiqmna qarTveluri ena. jer isev 1845 wels misul viyaviT xedvamde, rom qarTveluri ena ariso qarTvelTa modgmis goneba, xolo goneba-misi ena da istoria, rom qarTveluri anu saerToqarTveluri ena ariso is saTave, romlidanac modiano misi kiloebi – qarTluri, megrul-Wanuri, svanuri, ingilouri(hereTisa) da sxvani, da, maSasadame, unda yofiliyo dro, rodesac am saerToqarTvelur enaze metyvelebda mTeli qarTveli modgma da miT gamosTqvamda Tvis Sexedulebas Tavis Tavsa, Tavis RmerTebsa Tu bunebaze sazogadod. raxan ase gamogvesaxa mniSvneloba am enisa, Cven gavaorkeceT ruduni mis safuZvlianad Sesaswavlad, SeZlebisamebr.              Tan enas vswavlobdiT da Tan nair-nair werilebs vbeWdavdiT gazeTebSi, `droebaSi~ 1878 wlidan, `Кавказ~-Si 1881 wlidan, kidev daibeWda Cveni: `cnobani Zvel mwerlebTa kavkasiaze` (iveria. 1885, #87, `ra dros da saidan SemoiRes qarTuli anbani, iveria. 1887, ##113-128). `o реке Фисоне~ (Нов. Обозр. 1891 #2677) da mravali sxva. dabolos, SedarebiTi masala rom gadavwereT, Sesdga aTas furclovani rveuli. amisTanave masalis dabeWdva imave dros Turme ganezraxa berlinel erkerts, romelsac amis Sesaxeb miemarTa d. baqraZisaTvis. misi SuamavlobiT gaimarTa miwer-mowera me da erkerts Soris, movrigdiT, da Cven mier Sekruli masala mTlianad, Tumca mravali koreqturuli SecdomiT, daibeWda calke tomad saTauriT: `Die Spache des Kaukasichen Stames~ (Wien, 1895). jer kidev 1899 wels berlineli profesori lemani Camovida tfilisSi da aqedan wavida vans (amJamad TurqeTis respublikis SemadgenlobaSia is Zveli qalaqi vani n.f.) qaldur warweraTa gadasaRebad fotografiulad. Sroma Seasrula da dabrunda tfilisSi. me vaswavlidi mas qarTul enas usasyidlod da manac aRmiTqva – usasyidlod madlobiT gamogigzavnio Cems wigns qaldur warwerebze rom davbeWdavo. dabeWda 1900 wels. depeSiTac vTxove, xma ar gamca da dResac misi wigni ar maqvs. SemdgomSi muzeumSi vnaze is naSromi CitaZesTan, romelSic misgan `Armenien sint und jetzt~ (aseTi saTauri aqvs lehman-hauptis wigns. daibeWda 1900w.) gadmomiTargmna sityvebi: `1899 wels, zafxulSi, Tavazian daxmarebas miwevda m. janaSvili Cems cdaSi Semegno qarTuli enis dasabami cnobebi. m. janaSvilma, romelsac Tavis eris enisa da istoriis winaSe didi damsaxureba miuZRvis, gamosTqva is azri, rom qsenofontes karduxebi qarTvelebis winaprebad unda vaRiaroT.~ Cven( ese igi, mose janaSvili) dResac imave azrisa varT, romelzedac viyaviT 1899 wels. karduxebs erqvaT agreTve kardu, romelic unda iyos igive qarTu=qalTu=qalT=qarT (svan. qarT., qarT. qarTli=qarTi=qarT-ari).” erTi qveTavia Sedgeniloba sityvisa qald=xald=qalT=qarT. gv. IX: `am striqonebis damwers SeZleba hqonda savsebiT darwmunebuliyo, rom ena qaldur lursmur Zeglwerisa~aris Zveli qarTuli. SemdegSi qalduri teqstebis wakiTxva( sul 20 Zeglwerisa) sruliad davamTavre da es saqme vauwyeT qarTvel sazogadoebas gavrcelebul gazeT “komunistis”(1924, #4) saSualebiT. warwerebis wakiTxva damTavrda da saWirod davinaxeT misTvis dagvewera zogi ram gramatikuli formebi saerToqarTvelur-qaldur-sumeruli. agreTve, cnobebi Sesaxeb qarTvel modgmis tomTa, maT Tvisebisa da RmerTebisa da daskvna, rom qarTvelni arian igive qaldni da miekuTvnebian sumerTa rasas. qveTavSi 3.10 saTauria `zogi ram qarTvelur gramatikidan da winaparTa saxelebis Sesaxeb. gv. 15-dan iwyeba Tavi 4. gv. 18: CrdiloeTi kavkasia SeerTebuli iyo Tobelebis qveyanasTan. egeTive kavSiri unda hqoneboda Tavridas(awindel yirims), vinaiTgan aqauri mTebi ‘Tavri’ iyo gagrZeleba kavkasionisa da es ki Suamdinaris mTianeTis, saxelad, ‘Tavrisa’. Tavridis(yirimis) Tavri da Suamdinaris Tavri modis qarTuli sityvisgan Tavi, `Tauri.~ m. janaSvilma ganixila qarTuli damwerlobis gamaumjobesebeli farnavaz mefis saxelis Sinaarsi; daeTanxma ‘qarTlis cxovrebis’ miTiTebas, rom farnavazma Tavisi Zegli dadga mTaze da uwoda Tavisi saxeli ‘armaz’, rac niSnavso ‘mzes’. farnavazis sakiTxi vrclad ganxilvas moiTxovs Cvens mierac, radgan CvenTvis cnobilia im farnavazis mier qalaq tarsinSi//tarsoSi aTiaTasobiT moWrili fulis//faras arseboba. ramdenime maTgani muzeumebSia daunjebuli, magaliTad, qalaq kopenhagenSi, parizSi, berlinSi da sxvagan. farnavazis fulze aRbeWdilia misi sandomiani, momRimare saxe saTno gamometyvelebiT; gamowyobilia samxedro samoselSi, Cafxuti xuravs. fulze qarTuli asomTavruli warweraa: kei-i f-z. mkvlevarma goCa asaTianma amoikiTxa da qaragmebis gaxsniT daadgina, rom weria ‘keisari farnavaz’. farnavazis monetebi daTarirebulia Zv.w.-iT meoTxe saukuniT. mefes mokle wveri amSvenebs, waagavs Zveli Tbilisis ubanSi mtkvaris sanapiroze ramdenime wlis winaT dadgmuli farnavazis saxes did qandakebaze. qarTul enaSi fulis aRmniSnveli sityva ‘fara’ swored am farnavaz mefis saxels ukavSirdeba, Cemi mosazrebiT. m. janaSvilis zemoxsenebuli xelnaweris meTvramete gverdze weria: amisTana cnobebis Semdeg, safiqrebelia erTi STamomavlobisa iyos sityvebi maziesi (mazisi) – fazisi (bJa=bza=mze) da rom sityva fazia – fazianadan gakeTebul iyos [saxelwodeba kontinentisa n.f.] ‘azia’,  mniSvnelobiT “aRmosavleTi”-T, viT dResac svanurSia le-Ja=megrulad bJaiole-sazeo, mziuri, samzeo (le-Ja), ese igi, mzis aRmosavleT mxaresTan mWidrod dakavSirebuli cneba. Sumeris, akkadis, qaldes samefos kulturis ganxilvisadmi miZRvnilia mose janaSvilis arqivis aTasobiT gverdiani sayuradRebo masala. maTze muSaobas vagrZeleb. emegiruli damwerlobiT aRbeWdili literaturis kvlevisDdargis miRwevebi m. janaSvilis moRvaweobis Semdgom, mraval qveyanaSi kidev metad TvalsaCino gaxda. ucxoelma mkvlevarebma amoikiTxes da gamoaqveynes parizSi, berlinSi, osloSi, CikagoSi, romSi, niuiorkSi, londonSi daunjebuli asobiT teqsti lursmnuli damwerlobiT rom iyo aRbeWdili didi xnis winaT, Targmnes frangul, germanul, inglisur da sxva Tanamedrove ramdenime enaze. SeZlebisdagvarad Tvals vadevneb maT miRwevebs. m. janaSvilma didi codna SeiZina, rasac Tavi mouyara gamokvlevebSi, romelTa nawili dRemde gamouqveynebelia. upirvelesad aucilebelia misi .sumeruli’, mitanuri’, qarTlur-megrul-svanuri, SoTa rusTaveliseuli masalis, petriwis masalis sityvaTa ganmartebebis-leqsikonebis gamoqveyneba didi raodenobiT da xelmisawvdom fasad, raTa qarTvelebs mieceT saSualeba SeiTvison da gaiTvaliswinon saqmianobaSi maTSi daunjebuli codna. m. janaSvili ruseTis imperiis, Semdeg ki rusuli sabWouri imperiis boboqrobis wlebSi moRvaweobda. viciT, rom iZulebuli iyo gaeTvaliswinebina zogi mcdari, danaSaulebrivi antimecnieruli mosazreba zogi araqarTveli gaurkveveli warsulis mqone mcire jgufis enis sakiTxze, rodesac iTxzveboda da qveyndeboda maTi warsulis sakiTxze didtaniani gabuqebuli antiqarTuli istoriebi. xarvezebi an unda gaswordes simarTlis Sesabamisad, an gamoqveyndes swori SeniSnvebis TandarTviT. unda icodes qarTvelma sazogadoebam m. janaSvilis gamokvlevebis miRwevebica da naklovani, antiqarTuli mosazrebebisadmi misi damokidebulebac. gamoviyenoT misi miRwevebi. miviviwyo cru varaudebi. m. janaSvilma wamoswia lursmnuli damwerlobiT aRbeWdil teqstebSi moxseniebuli qveyana ‘qarduniaS’-is qarTvelebis saxelmwifod arsebobis sakiTxi, risTvisac dasafasebelia. CemdaTavad vityvi, rom Zveli welTaRricxviT meore aTaswleulSi, kerZod, 1500-1300-ian wlebSi burnaburi, qadeSmani da sxva mefeebi TavianT Tavs qardus// qarduniaS qveynis mefeebad aRiarebdnen da amiT amayobdnen. dadasturebulia qardus saxelmwifos arseboba vrcel miwa-wyalze im ZvelTaZvel xanaSic. is gacilebiT Zvelia, vidre didi xnis Semdgom asureTis mefe TiglaT filasaris warweraSi moxseniebuli politikuri erTeulebi-diaoxi , kolxa, romlebic aaoxra. diaoxi da kolxa TbilisSi gamoqveynebul saxelmZRvaneloebSi qarTvelTa saxelmwifoebriobis uZveles nimuSebad miiCnevian. qarduniaSis//qardus ZvelTaZveli samefo aucileblad unda gaviTvaliswinoT xolme qarTveli eris mier Seqmnili saxelmwifoebis sakiTxTa farTo wris ganxilvisas. amisken mogviwodebda mkvlevari mose janaSvili. erT-erT JurnalSi axlaxan wavikiTxe lursmnuli damwerlobiT aRbeWdili cnoba ZvelTaZvel dros qveyana “kolixiTi”-s jaris saqmianobaze. imJamindeli kolxeTis didi nawili amJamindeli saqarTvelos respublikis samxreTiT mdebare vrcel aresac moicavs xsenebuli teqstiT. didi stiqiuri movlenis, “warRvnis”, merexis saxeliT cnobili didi wyaldidobis kvali 1926 wels aRmoaCina londonelma arqeologma leonard vullim. mis erT-erT wigns ewodeba “xaldebis qveyana uri” da aRwerilia arqeologiuri gaTxrebis mimdinareoba misive xelmZRvanelobiT. misi meore wignia “miviwyebuli samefo”, sadac rukaze aRbeWda samefo qarduniaS - qarduebis samefo, romelic samxreTiT, deda-mdinareebis: puranunusa da idiganas( Tu idiyanas) SesarTaviT qaldes yureze, Semdeg ki qaldes okeaneze gadioda. im kuTxidan okeaniT navebiT gadahqondaT tvirTi qimeTis// gimeTis samefoSi. (gimeTi Zveli egviptis saxelwodebaa imJamindel mkvidrTa enaze). amiT aixsneba, rom navis qarTuli(kerZod, megruli) saxelwodeba “ niSi” ZvelTaganve damkvidrda gimeTSic da kunZul kuratozec//kretazec( amJamad im kunZuls ewodeba “kreta” da ekuTvnis mimdebare kunZuli, romelsac saxelad amJamadac “koloxiTo” anu kolxeTi hqvia iqauri samogzauro biuros sainterneto gzamkvlevis monacemebiT. navis saxeli “niSi” kunZul kuratos( kurato kuros, kurats, buRas anu sanaSene mamr msxvilfexa saqonels niSnavs qarTulad) anu kretas qalaq FfaTis// faisTos// festos  mefis sasaxleSi mopovebul mrgval Tixis nivTze// diskoze aRbeWdil suraT-xatovan( ieroglifur) warweraSic ixsenieba. is nivTi iqve 1908 wels arqiteqtorma da arqeologma luiji perniem aRmoaCina. misi teqstis amokiTxva asobiT mkvlevarma scada. saukeTesoa qarTveli mkvlevaris- gia qvaSilavas mier amokiTxuli teqsti, romelic moxsenda londonSi festos diskos amokiTxvis sakiTxisadmi miZRvnil saerTaSoriso yrilobaze 2008 wels. misma gamokvlevam didi mowoneba da farTod aRiareba daimsaxura da moipova. qarTebis miwa-wyalze mopovebulia ZvelTaZveli saxelmwifo samoxeleo sabeWdavebi mTesvelebis, mxvnelebis gamosaxulebebiT. qvaze asaxulia qarTebis mefis dalocva venaxSi winare mefis mier. qarTebis erovnuli RvTaebebi enqi, en-lile ZvelTaZvel nivTebze saxvneli mowyobilobiT arian asaxulni. “xani” qarTulSi, kerZod, suanurSi niSnavs “xars”, “xanua” niSnavs xvnas//xanvas; megrulSi imaves niSnavs “xonua”. Tixis filebze lursmanisebri damwerlobiT asaxulia teqsti qerisa da xorblis// qobalis zecidan Camotanaze RvTaeba en-liles mier mTianeTSi, saidanac gaavrceles misma Svilebma barSic. miwaTmoqmedebaze mijaWvuli qarTi eris mTeli ZirZveli miwa-wyalis dabrunebaze, movlasa da patronobaze zrunva misi mTavari movaleoba da daniSnulebaa. Zeglwerebis dgomareoba da maTi wakiTxvis siZneleebi m. janaSvilma ganixila 69-e gverdze( saqme #149): Znelad Tu romelime Zeglwera Senaxuli iyos Tavandeli saxiT mTlianad. momtvrevia an Tavi, an bolo, an Sua. Amis gamo aklia an erTi-ori sityva, an mTeli striqoni, an striqonebi. amas emateba kidev is, rom daSTenili teqsti Zeglwerebisa Cawerilia laTinuri anbaniT, romelsac ar abadia iseTi asoebi, viT y, q, w, W, S, x, T, R, Z, j, C da sxvani. yuruni laTinurad iwereba kuruni, ”qali”- ”kali” da misebr sxva sityvebic, darTviT wertilisa asos qvemo an xazisa zemo. magaliTad, giS-Suri-e, eri-du-a-hi da sxva. Amas garda, yovel Zeglweris dasawyisSi, xan striqonebis Tavs an striqonSi da Zeglweris bolos svamen asos ”d” Dda acxadeben, es ariso ideogramma da unda mixvde ZeglweraSi misTana adgilebSi ra idea anu azri iqneboda. asreve iqceodnen qarTuli teqstis gadamwerebic: teqstis TavSi, xan yovel sityvis bolos, dasvamdnen xolme asos ”q” da es niSnavda ”qristesiT” da teqsts araviTar azrs ar hmatebda, da Zeglwerebis d-ons aseTi mniSvneloba hqonda Tu sxvanairi, wamkiTxvelis unarianobazea migdebuli. teqstSi gvxvdeba bevri Zveleburi qarTuli sityva da forma, raic isev aZnelebs ZeglweraTa swor gagebas da swor wakiTxvas. erT ZeglweraSia, magaliTad, sityva iStini, romelic aRarsadaa darCenili garda hereTisa( saingilosi), saca istini niSnavs gaviwvdine, vixmare. iistiun, giistiun, giistiuna=gaviwvdine, gaiwvdine, gaiwvdina. stiina=wdiina-wvdena. ”xini”-s ”Ze”-d Targmnian: menua ispuinixini=menua ispuinis Ze. magram ZeglweraSi gvxvdeba agreTve ”menua ispuiniexi” da amasac Targmnian ispuinis Zed! teqstebSi gvxvdeba qalaqi lueruxini. Cans, qaldurSi daboloeba xini sulac ar yofila Ze. ar aqceven yuradRebas mravalgvar cvlilebas qarTvelur enaSi, magaliTad, svanuri Tan-xan=qarTlur TvaliT-gan=ingilour. Toligni-Tolisgni. svanurSia Ja-ya-x, xa-ya-x    ingilourSia Gg-yava-y, h-yava-y,  palemfsetebis( tyavze naweri, razec meored sxva teqsts aweren SemdgomSi) qarTuliT aris g-yav-T, x-yav-T. ingilourSia var-y, xar-y, aris-y da sxva. qarTlurSia var-xolme, xar-xolme da sxvani. yvela amis da amisTanas ucodinari ereva saqmeSi da cdilobs aramarto teqstis mowodebas ise, rogorc aris daSTenili, aramed Tavis ucodinarobiT ufro abnelebs naanderZev teqsts. aba ras gaigebs kaci m. nikolskis amgvari Targmanidan: #417: xaldini (rusulad bogu xaldi), xaldi(bogu xaldi), xaldinini (boJestv. xaldiniiam), xaldime (bog xaldi). #424: xaldie (bogu xaldi), xaldia (bogu xaldi). #452: xaldieni (bogu xaldi). es imas hgavs, rom sityva RmerTic gesmodes RmerTad, RmerTnic RmerTad, RmerTisaganac RmerTad, RmerTianac RmerTad! adiSis saxarebaSi gvxvdeba nacvalsaxeli iginini. sxvagan mis magier aris iginni=igenni, maT badlad qarTveli kaci ambobs kidev igeni, igini, ageni, aginni, da sxva. aseve modis qalduris daboloebani nini: qaldini, qaldinini, qaldieni, qaldiSe, qaldia//qaldi-a( viT ”igia”=igi--ars); daboloeba Se (qaldiSe) megrul-WanurSi modis mniSvnelobiT naTesaobiTi brunvisa: qaldis=qaldisa an qaldisagan. koCiSe-kacis, kacisa-gan, kacigni. jaSe=xis, xisa. qarTvelurSi a da e icvlebian, zogjer (kiloebSi) modis a an e: a-ar-arTi=e-er-erTi. aseve: qaldiSe=qaldisa, qaldiS=qaldis. asreve: xaldie=xaldia. SeadareT var=va,   =voreq     =veq

                                     xar=xa,    oreq       eq

                                       ar=a      ore       e.=a=e

SeadareT kidev: ars=arn.  aria-n=svan. ari-x.

                  orde-s=orte-s= svan. arda-x=(qarTl.) iyvne-s=iyvnen.

”TualTai”: romeli dgas(gv.7)-dgan zeTi igi(26). MmravlobiTSi: dganan(7.34). m. janaSvilis naSromebi qaldebis, xeTebis, sumerebis kulturaze Zirfesvianad sakvlevia. ganvagrZob maTze muSaobas.

Lliteratura

1. mose janaSvilis arqivi saqarTvelos xelnawerTa erovnul centrSi. saqme #149;
2. imave fondis saqme #148;
3. imave fondis saqme #155a da 155b

     uZvelesi qarTuli literatura

       Seadgina naTela borisis asulma fofxaZem

                

am wignis Semdgeneli eTanxmeba mose janaSvilis mosazrebas da uZveles qarTul damwerlobad suraTxatovani, Semdeg ki emegiruli( lursmnuli) damwerloba miaCnia. aucilebelia am damwerlobiT moRweuli literaturis kvlevisadmi yuradReba, mzrunveloba, uniWieresi pirvelkurselebis mozidva. mizanSewonilia suanurisa da megrulis sametyvelo doneze mainc mcodneTa Cabma, radgan es codna aucilebelia am sferoSi saqmianobisas Sedegis misaRwevad.

gamoxmaurebisaTvis: elsmeni: 968522

        Kkompiuterze akrifa da daakabadona daviT gugavam

                      daibeWda 100 calad

        gamomcemloba ”fesvebi”. Tbilisi. dgebuaZis quCa #1

                              2009

                    

 

                     Ancient Literature of the Kartuelian Nation

                               Compiled by Natela Borisis-asuli Popkhadze

Mose Janashvili in unpublished books stated that the ancient literature of the Kartvelian nation has been written since III millennium in Cuneiform script. This concept is supported in this book. Persons that learned the Suan and the Margali//Megruli in their families will see the affinities and will be a success when they learn that literature. The book is targeted at the public at large: advanced pupils, students, parents etc.

For contact phone at (995 32) 968522

                                                           Published at ”Pesvebi”

                                                      Tbilisi. Dgebuadze street, #1

                                                                         2009

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

ISBN 978-99940-967-4-9

20