afxazsetisdarbazs

NnaTela fofxaZe

 

qarTi eris ‘afxazebad’ aRricxuli nawilis qarTuli TviTSegnebisa

                                  da

saqarTueloSi ssrk-is droidan SemorCenili mavne gadmonaSTebis aRmofxvris      

                               sakiTxi

 

gamoCenilma mecnierma, strasburgis universitetis erovnebaTmcodneobis kaTedris gamgem, profesorma frederik diubua de monperem mowiwebiT moixsenia `diadi qarTveli eri, romelic istoriis dasabamidan cxovrobs kavkasiis yelze _ Savi, azovis zRvebidan kaspiis zRvamde da mimdebare mxareebSi, gulmodgined darajobs mas. ise, rogorc xeze miSvebul vazs grigali Trgunavs da vazi droebiT miwaze gaerTxmeba, gamodarebis Semdeg ki welSi swordeba da Zvel iers ibrunebs, aseve qarTveli eri (nasion, nacia) ucxoelebis Semosevebis Semdeg welSi Zveleburad imarTeba da aravis aZlevs imis uflebas, rom qarTvelebi TavianTi samSoblodan amoZirkvos~ (f. diubua. `vuaiaJ otur de kavkaz~ anu mogzauroba kavkasiaSi. parizi. 1839 w. wigni 1. frangul enaze).

samwuxarod, kulturuli qarTi//aiasuanmargalilazi eri xmelTaSua zRvis sanapirodan Suaaziis nawilamde rom ZvelTaganve mosaxleobda da ramdenime saxeliT hqonda daarsebuli saxelmwifoebi, diaxac, rom zogan amoZirkves, zogan ki ZalmomreobiT gadaajiSes, gadaagvares Soridan Semoseulma sxvadasxva juris velurebma, daaqveiTes Cvenianebis kultura, yofa, moipares Cvenianebis istoria, kultura, miwa-wyali da amiT amayoben. Tu f. diubua qarTvelebs diad (veliki narod , grand nasion) ers gviwodebda, qarTveli meCeqmis da msaxuri qalis Raribi Svili ioseb juRaSvili misi samSoblos dampyrob rusebs uwodebda diad ers da es gansazRvreba ise myarad daumkvidra rusebs, rom aTwleulebis manZilze am gansazRvrebis gareSe rusebis xsenebas bevri ver bedavda. ruseTis imperatoris droSaze ruseTis saxelmwifos daarsebis TariRad 875 welia amoqarguli. imxanad ki saqarTvelos mravalaTaswlovani istoria, saxelmwifoebrioba, kultura gaaCnda. ruseTis mefeebi didxans uxdidnen xarks yirimis xanebs da qarTveli didebulis _ erekle//herakle//nikoloz daviTis Ze bagrationis Svilma petrem (petre pirvelma didma, ruseTis mefem ) Seuwyvita xanebs xarkis gadaxda. yirimis saxano SeebrZola monRolebs da gandevna, riTac ruseTmac isargebla da monRolebis uRlisgan TavisTavad, uomrad ganTavisuflda. Karga xanis Semdeg petre pirvelma Tavi imperatorad gamoacxada. samwuxarod, qarTveli bolSevikebi SemouZRvnen ruseTis mravalerovan jars saqarTveloSi da daamxes saqarTvelos respublika, rasac qarTveli eri maT arasodes ar miutevebs. antiqarTul teroristul jgufs ruseTis dedaqalaq moskovSi rusul enaze   Seadgines egreTwodebuli ‘afxazeTis respublikis’ konstitucia da saxelmwifo enad Caweres egreTwodebuli ‘afxazuri’ (gulisxmoben absuurs) ena da rusuli ena. 1995 wlis yovlad uvargisi, antiqarTuli- saqarTuelos axali konstituciiT afxazeTSi saxelmwifo ena ‘afxazuri da qarTulia’ . afxazuri ena ar arsebobs. am erTi magaliTiTac cxadia, rom simarTle aRsadgenia da uTavboloba  aRsakveTia. aTaswleulebis manZilze samefos saxiT saqarTuelos arsebobis xanaSi  saxelmwifo ena afxazeTSic da danarCen saqarTveloSic qarTuli iyo. mxolod qarTuli ena iyo saxelmwifo ena saqarTvelos demokratiul respublikaSic 1921 wlamde _ ruseTidan bolSevikebis jaris Semosevamde. Dnoe Jordanias mTavrobis danaSaulia azerbaijanis respublikisa  da armeniis respublikis ZirZvel mravalaTswlovan qarTul miwaze daarsebaze Tanxmoba. erTaligis ltolvilTa komisiis xelmZRvanelma, ganaTlebiT zRvis cxovelebis mkvlevarma norvegielma fridtiof nansenma Zala daatana Jordanias. Cavsva teqsti. dRes qarTveli afxazebis adamianis ufleba mSobliuri qarTuli enis gamoyenebis sakiTxSi fexqveS gaTelilia. Mputinis mier cxumSi daniSnuli teroristebi maT ukrZalaven qarTulad laparaksac, swavlasac. aucileblad migvaCnia gaeros, euTos mier saqarTvelos respublikad aRiarebul nawilSi _ afxazeTSi-- sxva xalxis _ absua erovnuli jrufis ( romlis gansazRvra da gamorCeva sxva araqarTveli xiznebisagan aravis ar SeeZlo winaT da arc dRes aravis ar SeuZlia) mSobliuri enisaTvis afxazeTSi saxelmwifo enis statusis CamorTmeva Semdeg garemoebaTa gamo: saqarTvelos istorikosebis danaSaulia is, rom ssrk-is mosaxleobis zogierT aRweraSi qarTvelebs aRricxavdnen xolme mavneblurad da mcdarad: qarTvelebi, aWarlebi, svanebi, lazebi, megrelebi, afxazebi, TuSebi, imerlebi. amiT aWarlebi, svanebi, lazebi, megrelebi afxazebi da sxva qarTvelebi iTiSebodnen saerTo qarTveluri sxeulidan. 1926 wlis ssrk-s mosaxleobis aRweris dros saqarTvelos statistikuri sammarTvelos koleqtivma daiwuna ssrk mecnierebaTa akademiis mier SemuSavebuli sqema da saqarTvelos xelisuflebas sTxova, rom lazebi, svanebi, megrelebi, aWarlebi aRericxaT calk-calke, rac ukve gakeTda, magram bolos SeejamebinaT da CaerToT ujredSi `qarTvelebi~: maT Soris aWarlebi, svanebi, megrelebi, lazebi. saqarTvelos xelisuflebam am TxovniT mimarTa ssrk-s xelisuflebas da Tanxmoba miiRo. oficialurad gamoqveynda masala saqarTvelos Txovnis Sesabamisad. samwuxarod, qarTvelebis miRma, gareT--gariyulad aRricxes afxazebad Cawerili qarTvelebi, romlebic dRemde afxazebad saerTod aRricxuli adamianebis---40 000-mde sulis 85%-s Seadgenen. afxazebad aRricxuli pirebidan araqarTvelebi xuTi aTasic ki ar iqneboda 1993 wlis omamde, xolo dRes am xuTi aTasidan naxevaric ki ar iqneba cocxali. afxazi qarTvelis kuTxuri, Sinauruli saxelia, rogorc raWveli, guruli; afxazebis dedaena qarTulia.

dRes saqarTvelos xelisufleba afxazebs araqarTvel absuebad ganixilavs, rac dasagmobia, radgan sinamdvilis usulgulo gayalbebas efuZneba da mravali cnobis damaxinjebas emyareba.MmagaliTad: 1. Pirveli da mTavaria romis imperiis didmoxelis, pliniusis (I s) cnoba absuaTa uralSi—da ara  dRes afxazeTad wodebul mxareSi cxovrebaze I s-Si; 2. meorea qarTul wyaroSi _ `Tamar mefis cxovreba-istoriani da azmani SaravandedTani~ _ daculi cnoba misi vaJis, giorgisaTvis, metsaxelad `laSas~ wodebis Sesaxeb, viTomda `afxazTa~ enaze.

istorikosebma ( didi mkvlevaris—pavle ingoroyvas garda) orive es cnoba gaayalbes, qarTvelebs xizani absuebi da absuebad aRricxuli qarTvelebi daupirispires da msoflio moatyues, rac samarcxvinod aisaxa gaerTianebuli erebis organizaciis mier saqarTvelos nawilis _ afxazeTis sakiTxze miRebul yvela dadgenilebasa da gancxadebaSi da isini uTavbolobis (uazrobis) nimuSebad aqcia, riTac gaeros saxeli gautyda. ssrk-s xanaSi qarTvelebs TiSavdnen svanebad, megrelebad, aWarlebad da sxva, xolo rusebs siamovnebiT umatebdnen nair-nairi erovnebis milionobiT adamians. 1959 wlis ssrk-s aRweris mixedviT, aTma milionma ararusma mSobliur enad rusuli ena aRiara. saqarTveloSi aTiaTasobiT aseTi rusul enaze metyveli adamiani Semosaxlda ssrk-s arsebobis dros da swored isini eomebian qarTvelebs saqarTvelos (maT Soris, afxazeTisac) ruseTisaTvis misaerTeblad. faqtia, rom es didi masa arc saqarTvelos eklesias ar emorCileba da umarTav jgufs warmoadgens, maT amoxoces an garekes afxazeTis xelisufleba.Aam umarTavi ucxotomelTa masis saqarTvelodan mSvidobianad, kanonis Tanaxmad gayvana aucilebelia; maT Soris arian TurqeTidan me-20 saukuneSi droebiT TavSefarebis pirobiT evropisorganizaciebisa da ‘erTa ligis’ saqarTvelos mimarT iZulebiT Semoxiznuli araqarTvelebi, romelTa TurqeTis mTavrobis mier mowyobili genocidi aSS-m, argentinam, safrangeTma, evropis sabWom da sxvebma cnes.

 

saqarTvelos mecnierebaTa akademiis istoriis institutis mecnierTa samarcxvinod, aRvniSnavT, rom 1988 wels afxazeTis ruseTTan mierTebis survilis gamo Seqmnili daZabulobis mizezis gamosarkvevad, ,araorganuli qimiisa da eleqtroqimiis institutis patentTmcodnem, inglisuri enis specialistma, naTela borisis asulma fofxaZem, mraval sxva naSromTa Soris--waikiTxa mTavari sabuTi _ romaeli didmoxelis _ pliniusis mier I s-Si gamoqveynebuli msoflios aRwera da SeamCnia, rom leningradelma. Moskovelma, Tbiliselma, cxumelma, londonelma istorikosebma sazogadoeba moatyues _ pliniusma absua eTnosis samosaxlo dRevandel afxazeTSi (maSin mas egrisi erqva) ki ara, Sors _ uralis m\TebTan moixsenia. Iqac ZirZveli saqarTvelo yofila, rac axlaxan Sevityve pirveli saukunis periodSi mcxovrebi romis imperiis didmoxeleebis tacitusis, pomponius melas geografiuli aRwerebiT. garda amisa, pliniusma qarTvelebis  miwa-wyalis nawilad moixsenia mTeli CrdiloeT kavkasiac, sadac dRes ruseTia- da kaspiis zRvis Crdilo-dasavleTi da dasavleTi sanapiroc, sadac mxo;od 1918 wels Seiqmna, isic usamarTlod, politikuri erTeuli azerbaijanis saxelwodebiT, xolo azerbaijaneli eris cneba mxolod 1940ian wlebSi gamoigones moskovSi da SemdgomSi gaavrceles. pliniusis Tanamedrove meore didmoxelem, pomponius melamac dawera msoflios aRwera, sadac qarTvelebi ‘georgielebis’ saxeliT Crdilo-dasavleT kaspiispireTSi, sadac misma megobarma plinius ufrosma SemdgomSi ‘absua’ axsena werilobiT (sadac dRes ruseTis navTobsadeni gadis), mkvidr mosaxleobad moixsenia da iqauri miwawyali-saqarTuelod. vimeorebT, rom romis imperatoris davalebiT Sedgenil msoflios aRweraSi pliniusma qarTvelebiT dasaxlebul mkvidr miwa-wylad moixsenia mTeli aRmosavaleTi SavizRvispireTi, Crdilo-dasavleTi da dasavleTi kaspiispireTi (sadac dRes daRestani anu ‘mTianeTi’ da azerbaijania). arcerTi sxva eTnosi, romelic dRes aRniSnul mxareebSi cxovrobs, arc pliniuss, arc pomponius melas ar uxsenebia da qarTvelebs am mxareebSi pirveli, uadresi, ZirZveli mosaxleobis ufleba aqvT. vimeorebT, rom sabWoTa istorikosebma pliniusis cnoba Secvales da msoflio moatyues.

meore cnobac iseve daamaxinjes istorikosebma, rogorc pirveli. kerZod, Tamar mefis cxovrebis bevr xelnawerSi sinamdvileSi sityva `laSas~ ar axlavs ganmarteba, rom is e.w. ‘afxazTa enaze’ `ganmanaTlebels soflisas~ niSnavs. didma mecnierma, pavle ingoroyvam jer 1947 wels Jurnal “mnaTobSi”, 1954 wels ki Tavis wignSi--`giorgi merCule~-aRniSna, rom mxolod erT-- mogviano, me-18 saukunis Semdeg gadaweril Tamar mefis cxovrebis teqstSi weria, rom ‘laSa’ `ganmanaTleblad soflisa iTargmanebis afsarTa eniTa” (da ara _ afxazTa eniTa, rogorc mogvatyues sabWoTa istorikosebma). es `afsarTa eniTa~ weria ara mTavar teqstSi, rogorc sabWoTa mkvlevarebma icrues, aramed, calke _ gverdis aSiaze sxva xeliT gviandeli minaweris saxiT. es minaweri ki swored imas amtkicebs, rom me-18 saukuneSic ki ‘absarTa’ ena ewodeboda araqarTul enas da ara afxazuri, xolo is, Tu sad cxovrobdnen absarebi, qarTul wyaroebSi saerTod ar weria. msoflios romel kuTxeSi mosaxleobdnen absarebi, isic ki ucnobi iyo qarTveli avtorebisaTvis da niko marma, arnold Ciqobavam, Tamaz gamyreliZem, giorgi qsenofontovma—meliqiSvilma, zurab anCabaZem, ediSer xoStaria-Bbrosem, qeTevan lomTaTiZem, zurab papasqirma, giorgi ZiZariam, venor qvaCaxiam, dimitri guliam, givi rogavam da sxva qarTvelebma Tavi Seircxvines saqarTvelos winaaRmdeg mimarTuli cru varaudebiT da afxazeTSi jer dapirispireba, Semdeg ki omi gamoiwvies. istoriis gamyalbebeli v. arZinba Tamaz gamyreliZem, grigol giorgaZem da giorgi qsenofontovma Seqmnes, is maTi namowafaria, riTac  saqarTvelo gaaubedures da daamxes. arZinbas araferi iseTi ar gamouqveynebia, rac manamde mis am qarTvel maswavleblebs ar dauweriaT. Uucnauria, rom v. arZinbas akritikeben, xolo g. qsenofontov--meliqiSvili didubis panTeonSi dakrZales axlaxan, ediSer broses ki gamorCeuli da gamonaklisi wesiT mianiWes istoriis dargSi akademikosis wodeba.

saqarTvelos mamuliSviluri gznebiT mSromeli istorikosebi sWirdeba, aseTebi arian, magram maT gasaqans ar aZleven. wels saetapo mniSvnelobis gamokvleva gamoaqveyna gamoCenilma mecnierma, batonma ramaz patariZem, Zveli welTaRricxvis mesame saukuneSi qvaze nakveTi qarTuli warwerisa da kalendris sakiTxebze. Mmecnierma zurab qafianiZem saetapo wigni Seqmna qarTul anbanze, arqeologma- batonma givi eliavam saetapo gamokvlevebi Seqmna, gia qvaSilavam festos diskos warwera gaSifra. aseTi mkvlevarebi unda xelmZRvanelobdnen mecnierebaTa akademiasac da institutebsac da maSin mSvidobianad gadawydeba yvela saWirboroto sakiTxi.

qarTvel afxazebTan erTad,  sxva, araqarTveli pirebic aRiricxnen afxazebad, xolo e.w. ‘afxazur’ anu afsuaTa enaze Sedgenil sabuTebSi isini aRricxes araqarTvel absuebad, romelTa mSobliuri ena aris absua ena--romelsac absuuris garda, sxva enebze _ qarTulad, rusulad, frangulad, italiurad, germanulad, iaponurad, Cinurad da sxva—me-19 s.-is meore naxevridan saqarTvelos mtrebma mcdarad ‘afxazuri’ ena uwodes. TurqeTSi absuebs aqamde ara ‘afxazebad’, aramed abazebad moixseniebdnen, maT enas ki ‘abazurs’ uwodebdnen. magaliTad, prof. SuSana futkaraZis saetapod sayuradRebo wignSi—“Cveneburebis qarTuli”—weria, rom SavSeTis qarTul sofelSi, erT mandilosans dananebiT uTqvams 1995 wels misTvis—‘eifunCxen a b a z e b i-o?’—afxazeTSi oms gulisxmobda (gv. 45). dRes ki ukve absuas Turqul Jurnal “CveneburSic” ‘abhaz’-ad axseneben absuebsac da qarTvel afxazebsac. siriidan aSS-Si Casaxlebuli vinme iahia kazani, akad. SoTa MmisabiSvilis sityviT, msoflios 5 milioni viTomcda “afxazi”-saTvis   ormag moqalaqeobas,  afxazeTSi maTs Camosaxlebas, afxazeTSi oTxi saxelmwifo enis SemoRebas (qarTulis, absuuris, rusulis da inglisuris)  moiTxovs, rac aisaxa  axlaxan gaeros xelmZRvanelisadmi gagzavnil da internetiT gamoqveynebul misi masaJis saqmis mcodne vaJis--inal yazanis gancxadebaSi (ixileT ‘abxazia.org’  gesTbuq, 2002 wlis 28 ivlisis masala). Mmanve didZali fuliT iaraRi uyida 1993 wels saqarTvelos winaaRmdeg mebrZolebs. aSS-is xelisufleba inal yazanis afxazeTSi gaprezidentebas aZalebs saqarTvelos. sinamdvileSi absua eTnoss afxazeTSi ar ucxovria bolo dromde da axlac umniSvnelo da gaurkveveli raodenobiT cxovrobs afxazeTis mxareSi da, saerTod, saqarTveloSi. 1953 wels kavkasiaTmcodneobis vladikavkazSi mowyobili konferenciis samecniero krebulSi imas, rasac am statiaSi absuur enas vuwodebT, ‘abazuri enis absuuri kilos’ saxeliT moixseniebda yirimeli enaTmecnieri kliCevi. afxazeTze mcdari teqstia TviT sanaqebod miCneul 1946 wels TbilisSi gamoqveynebul saqarTvelos istoriis saxelmZRvaneloSic ki (ivane javaxiSvilis (maSin eqvsi wlis gardacvlili iyo), simon janaSias, niko berZeniSvilis avtorobiT). sxva sakiTxebze didebulad, magram afxazebis raobaze mruded msjelobda gamoCenili geografi prof. levan maruaSvili 1990 wels gamoqveynebul statiaSi., sadac afxazebad afsuebs gulisxmobda, Tumca, afxazi rom qarTvelia da ara afsua, cxadia, icoda (iseTi kavkasieli swavluli SevarcxvineT, romelsac afxazebis qarTvelobaSi eWvi epareba). qarTveli eris swavlulebis calkeuli warmomadgenlebi ganuwyvetliv cdilobdnen am uTavbolobis, Seusabamobis, sicruis, siyalbis aRmofxvras da simarTlis aRdgenas, ramac Sedegi gamoiRo da 1943 wels qarTveli eris darRveuli ufleba aRsdga ialbuzis (fasis) mTis, q. qluxoris mxareebSi—saqarTvelos xelisuflebisa da qarTveli afxazis—lavrenti berias mondomebiT saqarTvelos daubrunes winaT ruseTis mier mitacebuli es mxareebi da iq qarTuli suli da qarTveloba aaRorZines, ‘afxazi erovnebis’ pirebad (absuas mniSvnelobiT) aRricxul mraval qarTvels aRudgines qarTuli TviTSegneba. qarTueli bavSvebi qarTul skolebSi gadaiyvanes mSoblebma rusuli skolebidan. aRorZinda iq qarTuli meurneoba. saubedurod, maRalCinosani qarTvelebis—ssrk-s xelmZRvanelis--ioseb juRaSvilis da ssrk-s Sinagan saqmeTa ministris--lavrenti berias _ ori qarTveli didmoxelis-- rusebis mier mokvdinebis Semdeg ssrk-s axalma meTaurma _ nikita xruSCovma saqarTvelos waarTva 1943 wels misTvis dabrunebuli qarTuli mxareebi qluxorisa da ialbuzis mxareebSi ( ialbuzis mxare samarTlianad miakuTvnes svaneTis mestiis raions), xolo afxazebis araqarTvel absuebad isev gamocxadeba ssrk-s saxelmwifos doneze moaxdina. ssrk-s xelisuflebis didmoxeleebis davalebiT, qarTvelma dimitri guliam da sxvebma imxanad mimarTes ssrk-s xelisuflebas TxovniT, raTa afxazeTi ruseTisTvis mieerTebina, rogorc, viTomcda, araqarTueli afxazebis samSoblo. manamde ki- 1951 wels imave dimitri guliam gamoaqveyna broSura rogorc qarTul, aseve rusul enaze cxumSi, afxazeTis saxelmwifo gamomcemlobaSi, saTauriT _ `Cemi wignis _ afxazeTis istoriis Sesaxeb~, romelSic aRiara, rom `afxazebi igive qarTvelebi arian~, abxazi te Je gruzini (gv. 9-10, Sesabamisad) da moibodiSa imis gamo, rom winaT werda, viTomcda afxazebi qarTvelebi ar arian da afrikidan Camosaxldnen afxazeTSi (gv.7). afxazebis araqarTuelebad gamocxadebisas mTavar sabuTad moxmobilia xolme romaeli didmoxelis _ pliniusis enciklopediidan cnoba absua xalxis viTomcda im dros (I s.) afxazeTis samxreT mcire nawilSi mosaxleobis Sesaxeb, sinamdvileSi ki, rogorc 1988 wlis bolos, qarTvelma mTargmnelma da patentmcodnem- naTela fofxaZem gamoiZia, pliniusma absuebi uralis mosaxleobad moixsenia (pliniusi `naturalis istoria~, t. 2, wigni 6, Tavi 15. loeb qlesiqal laibseri-s gamocema, londoni, h. reqemis redaqtorobiT) (ix. ruka da qseroasli laTinur, germanul, inglisur, frangul enebze). imave n. fofxaZem 1999 wlis 14 ivniss internetiT miakvlia or Zvel rukas (1562 wlis da 1600 wlis), sadac afsuebi miTiTebuli arian azovis zRvis CrdiloeTiT mdebare velebze, da ara maSindel cxumi-biWvinTa-gagris mxareSi, romelsac maSin samegrelo erqva--da ara afxazeTi. 1562 wlis ruka londonelma entoni jenkinsma Seadgina da zed ‘afsua’ aRniSna, 1600 wlis ruka ki saxelovanma holandielma geografma _ jodoqus hondiusma, romelmac, marTalia, afsua arsad ar axsena (Cans, es tomi maSin ukve daSlili iyo da aRar arsebobda), magram isev azovis zRvis CrdiloeTiT, Tumca odnav aRmosavleTiT, aRniSna sityva `akua~, romelic nikola vitsenis, ioan ioansonis cnobil or rukazec iqvea aRniSnuli. saerTaSoriso geografiuli sazogadoebis mier internetiT gamoqveynebuli masaliT-rukebiT, teqstebiT dadgenilia absuaTa amJamindeli samosaxlo mxare da is Zveleburad, rogorc uwin, uralSia-Sua uralSi, sadac CrdiloeT uralidan |Casaxldnen. afsuaTa SedarebiT axali dasaxlebebia kavkasiis CrdiloeTi winam|Tebis |Crdiloe|T Sevakebaze—imave saer|Ta|Soriso organizaciis monacemebiT.Ees da sxva masalebi asabuTebs imas, rom dRes afxazeTs oficialurad mcdarad ewodeba afsni (afsua enaze), xolo ZirZvel qarTul qalaq cxums (soxums) sabWoTa xanaSi da Semdgomac mcdarad ewodeba absuaTa enaze ‘akua’; rom afsuaTa ena 1995 wlis saqarTvelos konstituciaSi SecdomiT aris aRiarebuli afxazebis enad da--rac didad aRmaSfoTebelia--saxelmwifo enad afxazeTSi. kidev mravali sxva sabuTi arsebobs imis dasamtkiceblad, rom afxazi afsuas saxeli ar iyo da arc unda iyos, rom afxazebad dRes aRricxuli isedac mcire adamianebis raodenobis 85% Cveulebrivi qarTvelebi arian, umTavresad megruli jgufisa. Mmetic, xSirad erTi dedmamis zogi Svili qarTvelad Caweres, zogi ki—erovneba afxazis warmomadgenlebad (absuas mniSvnelobiT). saqarTveloze omis gamoucxadeblad 1992 wels Tavdasxmis Semdeg sxva qveynebis( ruseTis, ukrainis da sxva) aviaciam, artileriam Caxoca, daWra afxazeTis, aseve mezobeli qarTuli mxareebis--mkvidri qarTveli mosaxleoba. mravalma arasamTavrobo organizaciam, kerZo pirma moiTxova 1920ian wlebSi gamogonebul ‘afxaz’ erovnebad aRricxuli qarTvelebis qarTvelebad aRricxva (radgan afxazi qarTvelebis kuTxuri saxelia), amasTan, araqarTveli anu cru ‘afxazebis’ TavianT namdvil erovnebad aRricxva, amiT saqarTvelos mter ucxoelebs xelidan gamoeclebodaT omis sababi _ qarTvelebisagan viTomcda araqarTveli afxazi eris dacva. aseTi mravali Txovna gamoqveynda saqarTvelos presaSi, broSurebSi, internetiT, ramac Sedegi gamoiRo da jer saqarTvelos erovnulma akademiam (arasamTavrobo organizaciam) ganixila, Semdeg afxazeTis mecnierebaTa akademiam, Semdeg ki, 2002 wlis 25 ivliss, afxazeTis avtonomiuri respublikis umaRlesi sabWos sesiam moismina moxseneba, imsjela da miiRo am sakiTxze sagangebo dadgenileba, romelic gamoqveynda mraval gazeTSi, iTargmna rusul da inglisur enebze da daegzavna saerTaSoriso organizaciebs. simarTlis aRsadgenad, vfiqrobT,  aucilebelia kidev erTi nabijis gadadgma: sasamarTlos gadawyvetileba imis Taobaze, rom moxda Secdoma (an danaSauli) da qarTvelebis nawili _ afxazebi (afxazi afxazeTis mxareSi mcxovrebi qarTvelebis Sinauruli, kuTxuri saxelia, rogorc guruli, raWveli)-- mcdarad gaupirovnda ucxo eTnoss afsuas, romlis warmomadgenlebis raodenoba 1989 wels afxazebad aRricxuli pirebis 40 aTasian masaSi ,,savaraudod, 3 aTass ar aRemateboda. afxazebi, iseve, rogorc 1939 wlis ssrk-s aRwerisas calke--araqarTvelebad mcdarad aRricxuli aWarlebi, svanebi, megrelebi, lazebi CarTes—aseve unda CarTon qarTvelebis jgufSi da maT mSobliur enad qarTuli unda aRiaron—yvelam icis qarTuli. absua eTnosis mSobliur enad darCeba absua ena, romelsac imdenive (da ara meti) yuradReba unda mieqces saqarTveloSi, ramdenic--taliSurs, taturs, udurs da sxva aramkvidrTa enebs. am sakiTxze (afxazi qarTvelia da absua ar aris), naTela fofxaZem waikiTxa ori moxseneba istorikos-bizantmcodneTa msoflio yrilobaze moskovSi 1991 wlis 12 agvistos or sxvadasxva sxdomaze, aseve 2000 wlis 8 agvistos --norvegiis dedaqalaq osloSi saistorio kvlevaTa msoflio kongresze, romelic istoriis gamyalbebelTa winaaRmdeg da siyalbeTa aRmofxvris mizniT Catarda. iqve saCivari-gancxadeba gadasca istoriis gayalbebis winaaRmdeg Seqmnil saerTaSoriso organizacias, romlis Tavmjdomare, profesori fransua bedarida (safrangeTidan) kongresis saorganizacio komitetis wevri iyo. am sakiTxze gamoqveynda 50-ze meti statia, mimarTvebi gaerosadmi, euTosadmi, broSurebi qarTul, inglisur da rusul enebze. gaiTvaliswines ra Cveni da sxvaTa ( batonebis: sergi sajaias, Temur gugeSaSvilis, dimitri qeburias, ilia arqanias, revaz salias, biZina TavaZis, vaxtang sarTanias, nodar naTaZis, q-nebis--guliko uruSaZis, lora gadilias da sxvaTa mimarTvebi, gamoqveynda afxazeTis avtonomiuri respublikis umaRlesi sabWos sesiis 2002 wlis 25 ivlisis dadgenileba , romelic yvelam unda gaviTavisoT. masSi weria: miRebul iqnas cnobad, rom Crdilo-dasavleT saqarTveloSi---afxazeTSi, ruseTis caristuli da bolSevikuri diversiebisa da eTnofabrikaciebis [cru erovnebebis gamogonebis] politikis Sedegad gayalbebul iqna sityva “afxazis” Sinaarsi da qarTvelTa samxareo sadaurobis aRmniSvneli es saxeli oficialur erovnebad daudginda bolo dros am teritoriaze Crdilo kavkasiidan imigrirebul (Semoxiznul) mosaxleobas, romelic Tavis Tavs “afsua”-s uwodebs. am qmedebiT--saxel “afxazi”-s gamoyenebis ufleba waerTva adgilobriv qarTvel mosaxleobas, riTac SesaZlebeli gaxda mkvidri qarTveli mosaxleobis, rogorc TiTqosda “arasatitulos” diskriminacia afxazeTSi--misadmi mizanmimarTuli represiebis CaTvliT. diskriminciam ganapiroba mkvidri qarTvelebis mniSvnelovani nawilis iZulebiTi asimilacia [gadagvareba] politikuri, socialuri, samsaxurebrivi da sxva Seviwroebisagan Tavis dacvis mizniT. Mmravali aTasi qarTveli iZulebuli gaxda uareyo Tavisi erovnebis aRmniSvneli termini ‘qarTveli’ da erovnebad mieRo ‘afxazi’ am sityvis axali, gayalbebuli mniSvnelobiT, rusulad ‘abxazec’, afsuur enaze—‘afsua’. 1917 wlamde aseTive politikas eweoda didmpyrobeluri ruseTis mmarTveloba, saxeldobr, teritoriuli kuTvnilebis (sadaurobis) aRmniSvneli termini ‘afxazi’ miekuTvneboda an mxolod ‘afsuas’, an, masTan erTad, adgilobriv qarTvelsac, magram mxolod im pirobiT, Tu misi dokumentebidan amoiricxeboda sityva ‘qarTveli’.  ‘afxazebisaTvis’ (am sityvis axali, xelovnuri mniSvnelobiT) dawesebuli Zalian didi SeRavaTebi vrceldeboda mxolod am or kategoriaze. Aaqedan gamomdinare, 1917 wlamde arsebuli, Semdeg ki 1921—1990 wlebis represiuli reJimis simwvavis gaTvaliswinebiT , afxazeTis mkvidri qarTveli mosaxleoba aRiarebul iqnas rusuli caristuli da bolSevikuri represiebisa da teroris  msxverplad. 2. istoriuli samarTlianobis aRdgenis, sizustis da afsua xalxis terminologiuri tradiciisadmi pativiscemis mizniT Catardes sainformacio-saganmanaTleblo RonisZiebebis cikli saxel ‘afxazis’ WeSmariti mniSvnelobiT gamoyenebis  aRsadgenad—rogorc saqarTvelos Crdilo-dasavleTi mxaris—afxazeTis mkvidri qarTveli mosaxleobis aRmniSvnelisa. ganemartos afxazeTis mosaxleobas da msoflios sazogadoebriobas imis aucilebloba, rom xalxs, romelic Tavis enaze Tavis Tavs uwodebs ‘afsuas’, magram oficialuri terminologiiT danarCen enebze usafuZvlod ewodeba ‘afxazi’, oficialur sxvaenovan terminologiaSic unda aRudges TviTsaxelwodeba ‘afsua’, romelic dResac da istoriuladac misi vinaobis erTaderTi da , amdenad, yovelmxriv sapatio ucvleli (ualternativo) gamomxatvelia. saxelwodebis es dazusteba aRmofxvris afxazeTis mosaxleobis SiSis da undoblobis erTerT mizezs da mTavar dabrkolebas qarTvel da afsua mosaxleobas Soris. 3. cneba ‘afxazis’  ZirZveli mniSvnelobis aRdgena miCneul iqnas afxazeTSi arsebuli konfliqtis Semdgomi gamwvavebis SesaZleblobis aRkveTis aucilebel saSualebad, gareSe qveynis mier afxazeTis okupaciis Sewyvetis erTerT aucilebel nabijad…8. vTxovT saqarTvelos parlaments msjelobisa da saTanado politikuri da saorganizacio daskvnebis sagnad dauyovnebliv aqcios es dadgenileba. .9. es dadgenileba farTod gaSuqdes sainformacio saSualebebiT.

------Cvenis mxriv aRvniSnavT, rom CrdiloeT uralSi da ufro Sors momTabare ukulturo eTniur narev jgufebTan( afsuebTan, adiRebTan da sxv.) erTad e.w. ‘kavkasiuri saxlis’ aSeneba-rasac 1921 wlidan ruseTi gvaZalebs-  SeuZlebelia. Aarc osebi, arc armenebi, arc e.w. azerbaijanelebad 1937-ian wlebSi saxeldebuli TaTrebi, Turqebi, Turqmanebi, Taraqamebi, arc absuebi, arc Cerqezebi ar arian kavkasielebi da  maT kavkasielobas saqarTvelos is mtrebi abraleben, romelTac es arakavkasielebi sxva qveynebidan TviTon ahyares da jer CrdiloeT, Semdeg ki—samxreT kavkasiaSi Semoityues da aomeben.

                            NnaTela fofxaZe